BhG 4.24

brahmārpaṇaṃ brahma havir brahmāgnau brahmaṇā hutam
brahmaiva tena gantavyaṃ brahma-karma-samādhinā

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analiza syntaktyczna

arpaṇam (ofiarowanie) brahma (brahmanem) [asti] (jest),
haviḥ (obiata) brahma (brahmanem) [asti] (jest),
brahmāgnau (w ogniu brahmana) brahmaṇā (przez brahmana) hutam (złożone w ofierze) [brahma](brahmanem) [asti] (jest).
tena (przez niego) brahma-karma-samādhinā (zaabsorbowanego czynami brahmana) brahma eva (jedynie brahman) gantavyam (do osiągnięcia) [asti] (jest).

 

analiza gramatyczna

brahma brahman 1i.1 n. duch, Weda (od: bṛh – zwiększać);
arpaṇam arpaṇa 1i.1 n. wkładanie, umieszczanie, ofiarowanie, wręczanie (od: – iść, osiągać);
brahma brahman 1i.1 n. duch, Weda (od: bṛh – zwiększać);
haviḥ haviḥ 1i.1 n. obiata (od: hu – składać ofiarę);
brahmāgnau brahma-agni 7i.1 m. ; TP : brahmaṇaḥ agnāv itiw ogniu brahmana (od: bṛh – zwiększać, brahman – duch, Weda; ag – poruszać się pokrętnie, agni – ogień);
brahmaṇā brahman 3i.1 n. przez ducha (od: bṛh – zwiększać);
hutam huta (od: hu – składać ofiarę) PP 1i.1 n. złożony w ofierze;
brahma brahman 1i.1 n. duch, Weda (od: bṛh – zwiększać);
eva av. z pewnością, właśnie, dokładnie, jedynie;
tena tat sn. 3i.1 tym, przez tego;
gantavyam gantavya (gam – iść) PF 1i.1 n. do pójścia, do osiągnięcia, do zrozumienia;
brahma-karma-samādhinā brahma-karma-samādhin 3i.1 m. ; TP : brahmaṇaḥ karmasu samādhineti przez kontemplującego czyny brahmana (od: bṛh – zwiększać, brahman – duch, Weda; kṛ – robić, karman – czyn, działanie i jego skutki; sam-ā-dhā – umieszczać, naprawiać, ustawiać, korygować, koncentrować się, samādhi  – połączenie, skupienie, uwaga, harmonia, samādhin – zaabsorbowany, kontemplujący);

 

warianty tekstu

brahmaiva tena → brahma tenaiva (brahman właśnie przez niego);

 
 

Śāṃkara


kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt kriyamāṇaṃ karma svakāryārambham akurvat samagraṃ pravilīyata ity ucyate ? yataḥ—

brahmārpaṇaṃ yena karaṇena brahmavid havir agnāv arpayati | tad brahmaiveti paśyati tasyātma-vyatirekeṇābhāvaṃ paśyati | yathā śuktikāyāṃ rajatābhāvaṃ paśyati tad ucyate brahmaivārpaṇam iti | yathā yad rajataṃ tac chuktikaiveti | brahma arpaṇam ity asamaste pade yad-arpaṇa-buddhyā gṛhyate loke tad asya brahma-vido brahmaivety arthaḥ |

brahma havis tathā yad dhavir buddhyā gṛhyamāṇaṃ tad brahmaivāsay | tathā brahmāgnau iti samastaṃ padam | agnir api brahmaiva | yatra hūyate brahmaṇā kartrā brahmaiva kartety arthaḥ | yat tena hutaṃ havana-kriyā tad brahmaiva | yat tena gantavyaṃ phalaṃ tad api brahmaiva | brahma-karma-samādhinā brahmaiva karma brahma-karma tasmin samādhir yasya sa brahma-karma-samādhis tena brahma-karma-samādhinā brahmaiva gantavyam |

evaṃ loka-saṅgrahaṃ cikīrṣuṇāpi kriyamāṇaṃ karam, paramārthato’karma brahma-buddhy-upamṛditvāt | evaṃ sati nivṛtta-karmaṇo’pi sarva-karma-sannyāsinaḥ samyag-darśana-stuty-arthaṃ yajñatva-sampādanaṃ jñānasya sutarām upapadyate | yad-arpaṇādy-adhiyajñe prasiddhaṃ tad asyādhyātmaṃ brahmaiva paramārtha-darśina iti | anyathā sarvasya brahmatve’rpaṇādīnām eva viśeṣato brahmatvābhidhānam anarthakaṃ syāt | tasmād brahmaivedaṃ sarvam ity abhijānato viduṣaḥ sarva-karmābhāvaḥ |

kāraka-buddhy-abhāvāc ca | nahi kāraka-buddhi-rahitaṃ yajñākhyaṃ karma dṛṣṭam | sarvam evāgni-hotrādikaṃ karma śabda-samarpita-devatā-viśeṣa-sampradānādi-kāraka-buddhimat-kartr-abhimāna-phalābhisandhimac ca dṛṣṭam | nopamṛdita-kriyākāraka-phala-bheda-buddhimat kartṛtvābhimāna-phalābhisandhi-rahitaṃ vā | idaṃ tu brahma-buddhy-upamṛditārpaṇādi-kāraka-kriyā-phala-bheda-buddhi karmāto’karmaiva tat |

tathā ca darśitaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet [gītā 4.18], karmaṇy abhipravṛtto’pi naiva kiṃcit karoti saḥ [gītā 4.20], guṇā guṇeṣu vartante [gītā 3.28], naiva kiṃcit karomīti yukto manyeta tattvavit [gītā 5.8] ity ādibhiḥ | tathā ca darśayaṃs tatra tatra kriyā-kāraka-phala-bheda-buddhy-upamardaṃ karoti | dṛṣṭā ca kāmyāgnihotrādau kāmopamardena kāmyāgnihotrādi-hāniḥ | tathā mati-pūrvakām atipūrvakādīnāṃ karmaṇāṃ kārya-viśeṣasyārambhakatvaṃ dṛṣṭam | tathehāpi brahma-buddhy-upamṛditārpaṇādi-kāraka-kriyā-phala-bheda-buddher bāhya-ceṣṭā-mātreṇa karmāpi viduṣo’karma sampadyate | ata uktaṃ samagraṃ pravilīyate [gītā 4.23] iti |

atra kecid āhuḥ—yad brahma tad arpaṇādīni | brahmaiva kilārpaṇādinā pañca-vidhena kārakātmanā vyavasthitaṃ sat tad eva karma karoti | tatra nārpaṇādi-buddhir nivartyate | kintv arpaṇādiṣu brahma-buddhir ādhīyate | yathā pratimādau viṣṇv-ādi-buddhiḥ, yathā vā nāmādau brahma-buddhir iti | satyam evam api syād yadi jñāna-yajña-stuty-arthaṃ prakaraṇaṃ na syāt | atra tu samyag-darśanaṃ jñāna-yajña-śabditam anekān yajña-śabditān kriyā-viśeṣān upanyasya śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [gītā 4.33] iti jñānaṃ stauti | atra ca samartham idaṃ vacanaṃ brahmārpaṇam ity ādi jñānasya yajñatva-sampādane, anyathā sarvasya brahmatve’rpaṇādīnām eva viśeṣato brahmatvābhidhānam anarthakaṃ syāt | ye tv arpaṇādiṣu pratimāyāṃ viṣṇu-dṛṣṭivad brahma-dṛṣṭiḥ kṣipyate | nāmādiṣv iva ceti bruvate, na teṣāṃ brahma-vidyokteha vivakṣitā syāt | arpaṇādi-viṣayatvāj jñānasya | na ca dṛṣṭi-sampādana-jñānena mokṣa-phalaṃ prāpyate | brahmaiva tena gantavyam iti cocyate |

viruddhaṃ ca samyag-darśanam antareṇa mokṣa-phalaṃ prāpyata iti | prakṛti-virodhaś ca | samyag-darśanaṃ ca prakṛtaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet [gītā 4.18] ity atrānte ca samyag-darśanaṃ tasyaivopasaṃhārāt | śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [gītā 4.33] jñānaṃ labdhvā parāṃ śāntiṃ [gītā 4.39] ity ādinā samyag-darśana-stutim eva kurvann upakṣīṇo’dhyāyaḥ | tatrākasmād arpaṇādau brahma-dṛṣṭir aprakaraṇe pratimāyām iva viṣṇu-dṛṣṭir ucyata ity anupapannam | tasmād yathā-vyākhyātārtha evāyaṃ ślokaḥ

 

Rāmānuja


prakṛtiviyuktātmasvarūpānusandhānayuktatayā karmaṇo jñānākāratvam uktam; idānīṃ sarvasya saparikarasya karmaṇaḥ parabrahmabhūtaparamapuruṣātmakatvānusandhānayuktatayā jñānākāratvam āha

brahmārpaṇam iti havir viśeṣyate / arpyate 'nenety arpaṇaṃ srugādi / tadbrahmakāryatvād brahma / brahma yasya haviṣo 'rpaṇaṃ tad brahmārpaṇam, brahma haviḥ brahmārpaṇaṃ haviḥ / svayaṃ ca brahmabhūtam, brahmāgnau brahmabhūte agnau brahmaṇā kartrā hutam iti sarvaṃ karma brahmātmakatayā brahmamayam iti yaḥ samādhatte, sa brahmakarmasamādhiḥ, tena brahmakarmasamādhinā brahmaiva gantavyam brahmātmakatayā brahmabhūtam ātmasvarūpaṃ gantavyam / mumukṣuṇā kriyamāṇaṃ karma parabrahmātmakam evety anusandhānayuktatayā jñānākāraṃ sākṣādātmāvalokanasādhanam; na jñānaniṣṭhāvyadhānenetyarthaḥ

 

Śrīdhara


tad evaṃ parameśvarārādhana-lakṣaṇaṃ karma jñāna-hetutvena bandhakatvābhāvād akarmaiva | āruḍhāvasthāyāṃ tu akartrātma-jñānena bādhitatvāt svābhāvikam api karma-karmaiveti karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity anenoktaḥ karma-pravilayaḥ prapañcitaḥ | idānīṃ karmaṇi tad-aṅgeṣu ca brahmaivānusyūtaṃ paśyataḥ karma-pravilayam āha brahmārpaṇam iti | arpyate 'nenety arpaṇaṃ sruv-ādi | tad api brahmaiva | arpyamāṇaṃ havir api ghṛtādikaṃ brahmaiva | brahmaivāgniḥ | tasmin brahmaṇā kartrā hutaṃ homaḥ | agniś ca kartā ca kriyā ca brahmaivety arthaḥ | evaṃ brahmaṇy eva karmātmake samādhiś cittaikāgryaṃ yasya tena brahmaiva gantavyaṃ prāpyam | na tu phalāntaram ity arthaḥ

 

Madhusūdana


nanu kriyamāṇaṃ karma phalam ajanayitvaiva kuto naśyati brahma-bodhe tat-kāraṇocchedād ity āha brahmārpaṇam iti | aneka-kāraka-sādhyā hi yajñādi-kriyā bhavati | devatoddeśena hi dravya-tyāgo yāgaḥ | sa eva tyajyamāna-dravyasyāgnau prakṣepād dhoma ity ucyate | tatroddeśyā devatā sampradānaṃ, tyajyamānaṃ dravyaṃ haviḥ-śabda-vācyaṃ sākṣād-dhātv-artha-karma, tat phalaṃ tu svargādi vyavahitaṃ bhāvanā-karma | evaṃ dhārakatvena haviṣo 'gnau prakṣepe sādhakatamatayā juhvādi karaṇaṃ prakāśakatayā mantrādīti karaṇam api kāraka-jñāpaka-bhedena dvividham | evaṃ tyāgo 'gnau prakṣepaś ca dve kriye | tatrādyāyāṃ yajamānaḥ kartā | prakṣepe tu yajamāna-parikrīto 'dhvaryuḥ prakṣepādhikaraṇaṃ cāgniḥ | evaṃ deśa-kālādikam apy adhikaraṇaṃ sarva-kriyā-sādhāraṇaṃ draṣṭavyam |

tad evaṃ sarveṣāṃ kriyā-kārakādi-vyavahārāṇāṃ brahma-jñāna-kalpitānāṃ rajjv-ajñāna-kalpitānāṃ sarpa-dhārā-daṇḍādīnāṃ rajju-tattva-jñāneneva brahma-tattva-jñānena bādhe badhitānuvṛttyā kriyākārakādi-vyavhārābhāso dṛśyamāno 'pi dagdha-paṭa-nyāyena na phalāya kalpata ity anena ślokena pratipādyate | brahma-dṛṣṭir eva ca sarva-yajñātmiketi stūyate |

tathā hi – arpyate 'neneti karaṇa-vyutpattyārpaṇaṃ juhvādi mantrādi ca | evam arpyate 'smā iti vyutpattyārpaṇaṃ devatā-rūpaṃ sampradānam | evam arpyate 'sminn iti vyutpattyārpaṇam adhikaraṇaṃ deśa-kālādi | tat sarvaṃ brahmaṇi kalpitatvād brahmaiva rajju-kalpita-bhujaṅgavad adhiṣṭhāna-vyatirekeṇāsad ity arthaḥ | evaṃ havis-tyāga-prakṣepa-kriyayoḥ sākṣāt karma kārakaṃ tad api brahmaiva | evaṃ yatra prakṣipyate 'gnau so 'pi brahmaiva | brahmāgnāv iti samastaṃ padam | tathā yena kartrā yajamānenādhvaryuṇā ca tyajyate prakṣipyate ca tad ubhayam api kartṛ-kārakaṃ kartari vihitayā tṛtīyayānūdya brahmeti nidhīyae brahmaṇeti | evaṃ hutam iti havanaṃ tyāga-kriyā prakṣepa-kriyā ca tad api brahmaiva | tathā yena havanena yad gantavyaṃ svargādi vyavahitaṃ karma tad api brahmaiva | atratya eva-kāraḥ sarvatra sambadhyate | hutam ity atrāpīta eva brahmety anuṣajyate | vyavadhānābhāvāt sākāṅkṣatvāc ca cit-patis tvā punātu ity ādāv acchidreṇetyādi-para-vākya-śeṣavat |

anena rūpeṇa karmaṇi samādhir brahma-jñānaṃ yasya sa karma-samādhis tena brahma-vidā karmānuṣṭhātrāpi brahma paramānandādvayaṃ gantavyam ity anuṣajyate | sākāṅkṣatvād avyavadhānāc ca yā te agne rajāśayety ādau tanūr varṣiṣṭheyādi-pūrva-vākya-śeṣavat |

athavārpyate 'smai phalāyeti vyutpattyārpaṇa-padenaiva svargādi-phalam api grāhyam | tathā ca brahmaiva tena gantavyaṃ brahma-karma-samādhinā ity uttarārdhaṃ jñāna-phala-kathanāyaiveti samañjasam | asmin pakṣe brahma-karma-samādhinety ekaṃ vā padam | pūrvaṃ brahma-padaṃ hutam ity anena sambadhyate caramaṃ gantavya-padeneti bhinnaṃ vā padam | evaṃ ca nānuṣaṅga-dvaya-kleśa iti draṣṭavyam | brahma gantavyam ity abhedenaiva tat-prāptir upacārāt | ataeva na svargādi tuccha-phalaṃ tena gantavyaṃ vidyayāvidyaka-kāraka-vyavahārocchedāt | tad uktaṃ vārtika-kṛdbhiḥ –

kāraka-vyavahāre hi śuddhaṃ vastu na vīkṣyate |
śuddhe vastuni siddhe ca kāraka-vyāvṛttiḥ kutaḥ || iti |

arpaṇādi-kāraka-svarupānupamardenaiva tatra nāmādāv iva brahma-dṛṣṭiḥ kṣipyate sampan-mātreṇa phala-viśeṣāyeti keṣāṃcid vyākhyānaṃ bhāṣyakṛdbhir eva nirākṛtam upakramādi-virodhād brahma-vidyā-karaṇe sampan-mātrasyāprasaktatvād ity ādi yuktibhiḥ

 

Viśvanātha


yajñāyācarata ity uktam | sa yajña eva kīdṛśaḥ ? ity apekṣāyām āha brahmeti | arpyate 'nenety arpaṇaṃ juhv-ādi | tad api brahmaiva | arpyamāṇaṃ havir api brahmaiva | brahmaivāgnāv iti havanādhikaraṇam agnir api brahmaiva | evaṃ vivekatavatā puṃsā brahmaiva gantavyaṃ, na tu phalāntaram | kutaḥ ? brahmātmakaṃ yat karma tatraiva samādhiś cittaikāgryaṃ yasya tena

 

Baladeva


evaṃ vivikta-jīvātmānusandhi-garbhatayā sva-vihitasya karmaṇo jñānākāratām abhidhāya sāṅgasya tasya parātma-rūpatānusandhinā tad-ākāratām āha brahmārpaṇam iti | arpyate 'nenātmaiveti vyutpatter arpaṇaṃ sruvaṃ mantrādhidaivataṃ cendrādi tat tac ca brahmaiva | arpyamāṇaṃ haviś cājyādi tad api brahmaiva | tac ca havir homādhāre 'gnau brahmaṇi yajamānenādhvaryuṇā ca brahmaṇā hutaṃ tyaktaṃ prakṣiptaṃ ca | agnir yajamāno 'dhvaryuś ca brahmaivety arthaḥ | brahmāgnāv ity atra ṇi-kāra-lopaś chāndasaḥ | na ca samastaṃ padam iti vācyam | agnau brahma-dṛṣṭer vidheyatvād itthaṃ ca brahma-rūpe sāṅge karmaṇi samādhiś cittaikāgryaṃ yasya tena mumukṣuṇā brahmaiva gantavyaṃ sva-svarūpaṃ para-svarūpaṃ ca labhyam avalokyam ity arthaḥ | vijñānaṃ brahma ced veda ity ādau jīve brahma-śabdaḥ | vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma ity ādau paramātmani ca brahmārpaṇatvādi-guṇa-yogān nāsya prakaraṇasya paunaruktam | sruv-ādīnāṃ brahmatvaṃ tad-āyatta-vṛttikatvāt tad-vāpyatvāc ca iti vyākhyātāraḥ | tādṛśatayānusandhitaṃ karma-jñānākāraṃ sat tad avalokanāya kalpyate

 
 

Michalski


Brahman jest jego ofiarowaniem, Brahman jego darem ofiarnym, Brahman jego ogniem, przez Brahmana składa ofiarę i wreszcie wstępuje w Brahmana, – on zapatrzony przez czyn swój w Brahmana!

 

Olszewski


Dar szczery jest Bogiem; masło klarowne, ogień, ofiara są Bogiem; przeto ten pójdzie do Boga, kto działając, myśli o Bogu.

 

Dynowska


Kto Brahmana widzi w rytuale ofiarnym i w ofierze składanej, Brahmana w ofiarniku i w ogniu co ofiarę chłonie, zaprawdę ten się pogrąży w Brahmana kto w czynie każdym tak Brahmana widzi.

 

Sachse


Brahman jest czynem ofiarnym,
brahrnan jest ofiarą,
brahman wrzuca [ofiarę] do ognia,
którym jest brahman.
Ten, kto całkowicie zatopi się w dziele brahmana,
niezawodnie dochodzi do brahmana.

 

Kudelska


Człowiek, który brahmana widzi w każdym czynie ofiarnym, w ofierze płynnej, w ofierze ognia a także w ofiarniku,
Dla którego brahman tkwi w każdym czynie, taki człowiek brahmana osiąga.

 

Rucińska


Brahman jest ofiarowaniem, Brahman jest żertwą ogniową
Składaną w ogniu-Brahmanie przez ofiarnika-Brahmana,

 

Szuwalska


Kto dostrzega absolut w składanej ofierze,
W maśle lanym do ognia i w świętym kapłanie,
We wszystkim widząc świętość, sam świętym się stanie.

 

Babkiewicz

I warząchew jest brahmanem,
i brahmanem jest obiata,
którą bramin w ogień leje,
ogień również jest brahmanem.
Jeno brahman celem tego,
kto trwa w czynie brahmanowym.

 
 

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