atha pañcamo ‘dhyāyaḥ – karma-sannyāsa-yogaḥ

Rāmānuja

caturthe 'dhyāye karmayogasya jñānākāratāpūrvakasvarūpabhedo jñānāṃśasya ca prādhānyam uktam; jñānayogādhikāriṇo 'pi karmayogasyāntargatātmajñānatvād apramādatvāt sukaratvān nirapekṣatvāc ca jyāyastvaṃ tṛtīya evoktam / idānīṃ karmayogasyātmaprāptisādhanatve jñānaniṣṭhāyāś śaighryaṃ karmayogāntargatākarṭrtvānusandhānaprakāraṃ ca pratipādya tanmūlaṃ jñānaṃ ca viśodhyate

Śrīdhara

nivārya saṃśayaṃ jiṣṇoḥ karma-saṃnyāsa-yogayoḥ |
jitendriyasya ca yateḥ pañcame muktim abravīt ||

Madhusūdana

adhyāyābhyāṃ kṛto dvābhyāṃ nirṇayaḥ karma-bodhayoḥ |
karma-tat-tyāgayor dvābhyāṃ nirṇayaḥ kriyate 'dhunā ||

tṛtīye 'dhyāye jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te ity ādinārjunena pṛṣṭo bhagavān jñāna-karmaṇor vikalpa-samuccayāsambhavenādhikāri-bheda-vyavasthayā loke 'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayānagha ity ādinā nirṇayaṃ kṛtavān | tathā cājñādhikārikaṃ karma na jñānena saha samuccīyate tejas-timirayor iva yugapad asambhavāt karmādhikāra-hetu-bheda-buddhy-apanodakatvena jñānasya tad-virodhitvāt | nāpi vikalpyate ekārthatvābhāvāt | jñāna-kāryasyājñāna-nāśasya karmaṇā kartum aśakyatvāt tam eva viditvāpi mṛtyum eti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'nāyanāya iti śruteḥ |

jñāne jāte tu karma-kāryaṃ nāpekṣyata evety uktaṃ yāvān artha udapāne ity atra | tathā ca jñāninaḥ karmānadhikāre niścite prārabdha-karma-vaśād vṛthā-ceṣṭā-rūpeṇa tad-anuṣṭhānaṃ vā sarva-karma-saṃnyāso veti nirvivādaṃ caturthe nirṇītam | ajñena tv antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-dvārā jñānotpattaye karmāṇy anuṣṭheyāni tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena iti śruteḥ | sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate iti bhagavad-vacanāc ca | evaṃ sarva-karmāṇi jñānārthāni | tathā sarva-karma-saṃnyāso 'pi jñānārthaḥ śrūyate etam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajanti, śānto dānta uparatas titikṣuḥ samāhito bhūtvātmany evātmānaṃ paśyet, tyajataiva hi taj jñeyaṃ tyuktuḥ pratyak paraṃ padam, satyānṛte sukha-duḥkhe vedān imaṃ lokam amuṃ ca parityajyātmānam anvicchet ity ādau |

tatra karma tat-tyāgayor ārād upakāraka-saṃnipatyopakārakayoḥ prayājāvaghātayor iva na samuccayaḥ sambhavati viruddhatvena yaugapadyābhāvāt | nāpi karma-tat-tyāgayor ātma-jñāna-mātra-phalatvenaikārthatvād atirātrayoḥ ṣoḍaśi-grahaṇāgrahaṇayor iva vikalpaḥ syāt | dvāra-bhedenaikārthatvābhāvāt | karmaṇo hi pāpa-kṣaya-rūpam adṛṣṭam eva dvāraṃ, saṃnyāsasya tu sarva-vikṣepābhāvena vicārāvasara-dāna-rūpaṃ dṛṣṭam eva dvāram | niyamāpūrvaṃ tu dṛṣṭa-samavāyitvād avaghātādāv iva na prayojakam | tathā cādṛṣṭārtha-dṛṣṭārthayor ārād upakāraka-saṃnipātyopakārakayor eka-pradhānārthatve 'pi vikalpo nāsty eva | prayājāvaghātādīnām api tat-prasaṅgāt | tasmāt krameṇobhayam apy anṣṭheyam | tatrāpi saṃnyāsānantaraṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ cet tadā parityakta-pūrvāśrama-svīkāreṇārūḍha-patitatvāt karmānadhikāritvaṃ prāktana-saṃnyāsa-vaiyarthyaṃ ca tasyādṛṣṭārthatvābhāvāt | prathama-kṛta-saṃnyāsenaiva jñānādhikāra-lābhe tad-uttara-kāle karmānuṣṭhāna-vaiyarthyaṃ ca | tasmād ādau bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhānād antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhau tīvreṇa vairāgyeṇa vividiṣāyāṃ dṛḍhāyāṃ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ śravaṇa-mananādi-rūpa-vedānta-vākya-vicārāya kartavya iti bhagavato matam | tathā coktam – na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śnute iti | vakṣyate ca –

ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ karma kāraṇam ucyate |
yogārūḍhasya tasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇam ucyate || [Gītā 6.3] iti |

yogo 'tra tīvra-vairāgya-pūrvikā vividiṣā | tad uktaṃ vārtika-kāraiḥ –

pratyag vividiṣāsiddhyai vedānuvacanādayaḥ |
brahmāvāptyai tu tat-tyāga īpsantīti śruter balāt || iti |

smṛtiś ca –
kaṣāya-paṅktiḥ karmāṇi jñānaṃ tu paramā gatiḥ |
kaṣāye karmabhiḥ pakve tato jñānaṃ pravartate || iti |

mokṣa-dharme –
kaṣāyaṃ pācayitvā ca śreṇī-sthāneṣu ca triṣu |
pravrajec ca paraṃ sthānaṃ pārivrājyam anuttamam ||
bhāvinaḥ karaṇaiś cāyaṃ bahu-saṃsāra-yoniṣu |
āsādayati śuddhātmā mokṣaṃ vai prathamāśrame ||
tam āsādya tu muktasya dṛṣṭārthasya vipaścitaḥ |
triṣv āśrameṣu ko nv artho bhavet paramābhīpsitaḥ || iti |

mokṣaṃ vairāgyam | etena kramākrama-saṃnyāso dvāv api darśinau | tathā ca śrutiḥ – brahmacaryaṃ samāpya gṛhī bhaved gṛhād vanī bhūtvā pravrajed yadi vetarathā brahmacaryād eva pravrajed gṛhād vā vanād vā yad ahar eva virajet tad ahar eva pravrajet iti |

tasmād ajñasyāviraktatā-daśāyāṃ karmānuṣṭhānam eva | tasyaiva viraktatā-daśāyāṃ saṃnyāsaḥ śravaṇādy-avasara-dānena jñānārthaṃ iti daśā-bhedenājñam adhikṛtyaiva karma-tat-tyāgau vyākhyātuṃ pañcama-ṣaṣṭhāv adhyāyāv ārabhyete | vidvat-saṃnyāsas tu jñāna-balād artha-siddha eveti sandehābhāvān na vicāryate |

tatraikam eva jijñāsum ajñaṃ prati jñānārthatvena karma-tat-tyāgayor vigdhānāt tayoś ca viruddhayor yugapad anuṣṭhānāsambhavān mayā jijñāsunā kim idānīm anuṣṭheyam iti sandihāno 'rjuna uvāca saṃnyāsam iti |