saha-jaṃ karma kaunteya sa-doṣam api na tyajet
sarvārambhā hi doṣeṇa dhūmenāgnir ivāvṛtāḥ
saha-jam | – | saha-ja 2i.1 n. – zrodzone razem, przyrodzone, naturalne (od: saha – razem z, w towarzystwie; –ja – na końcu złożeń: zrodzony); |
karma | – | karman 1i.1 n. – czyn, działanie i jego skutki (od: √ kṛ – robić); |
kaunteya | – | kaunteya 8i.1 m. – o synu Kunti (od: kunti – lud Kuntiów, kuntī – Kunti, matka Pandowiców); |
sa-doṣam | – | sa-doṣa 1i.1 n. ; BV : yad doṣena sahāsti tat – mający wady (od: sa – razem z, wespół; krótka forma od: saha lub sama; występuje głównie w złożeniach, wymaga instrumentalisu; √ duṣ – stawać się zły, psuć się, ginąć, doṣa – błąd, wada, przewina); |
api | – | av. – chociaż, jak również, także, co więcej, nawet; |
na | – | av. – nie; |
tyajet | – | √ tyaj (porzucać) Pot. Ā 1c.1 – powinien porzucić; |
sarvārambhāḥ | – | sarva-ārambha 1i.3 m. ; sarvā ārambhā iti – wszelkie przedsięwzięcia (od: sarva – wszystko; ā- √ rabh – osiągać, podejmować, rozpoczynać, ā-rambha – rozpoczęcie, przedsięwzięcie); |
hi | – | av. – ponieważ, albowiem, właśnie, zaiste, z pewnością; |
doṣeṇa | – | doṣa 3i.1 m. – przez zło, przez błąd, przez przewinę (od: √ duṣ – stać się zepsutym); |
dhūmena | – | dhūma 3i.1 m. – dymem (od: √ dhū – trząść, rozniecać); |
agniḥ | – | agni 1i.1 m. – ogień (od: √ ag – poruszać się pokrętnie); |
iva | – | av. – jakby, w taki sam sposób, niczym, prawie, dokładnie; |
āvṛtāḥ | – | ā-vṛta (ā- √ vṛ – okrywać) PP 1i.3 n. – okryte; |
sahajaṃ saha janmanaiva utpannam | kiṃ tat ? karma kaunteya sa-doṣam api triguṇātmakatvān na tyajet | sarvārambhāḥ ārabhyanta ity ārambhāḥ, sarva-karmāṇīty etat | prakaraṇāt ye kecit ārambhāḥ sva-dharmāḥ para-dharmāś ca te sarve | hi yasmāt | triguṇātmakatvam atra hetuḥ—triguṇātmakatvād doṣeṇa dhūmena sahajenāgnir iva, āvṛtāḥ | sahajasya karmaṇaḥ sva-dharmākhyasya parityāgena para-dharmānuṣṭhāne’pi doṣān naiva mucyate | bhayāvahaś ca para-dharmaḥ | na ca śakyate’śeṣatas tyaktum ajñena karma yataḥ, tasmān na tyajet ity arthaḥ |
kim aśeṣatas tyaktum aśakyaṃ karmeti na tyajet ? kiṃ vā sahajasya karmaṇas tyāge doṣo bhavatīti ? kiṃ cātaḥ ? yadi tāvat aśeṣatas tyaktum aśakyam iti na tyājyaṃ sahajaṃ karma, evaṃ tarhy aśeṣatas tyāge guṇa eva syād iti siddhaṃ bhavati | satyam evam | aśeṣatas tyāga eva nopapadyate iti cet, kiṃ nitya-pracalitātmakaḥ puruṣaḥ, yathā sāṃkhyānāṃ guṇāḥ ? kiṃ vā kriyaiva kārakam, yathā bauddhānāṃ skandhāḥ kṣaṇa-pradhvaṃsinaḥ ? ubhayathāpi karmaṇo’śeṣatas tyāgo na sambhavati |
atha tṛtīyo’pi pakṣaḥ—yadā karoti tadā sa-kriyaṃ vastu | yadā na karoti, tadā niṣkriyaṃ tad eva | tatra evaṃ sati śakyaṃ karmāśeṣatas tyaktum | ayaṃ tv asmin tṛtīye pakṣe viśeṣaḥ—na nitya-pracalitaṃ vastu, nāpi kriyaiva kārakam | kiṃ tarhi ? vyavasthite dravye’vidyamānā kriyā utpadyate, vidyamānā ca vinaśyati | śuddhaṃ tat dravyaṃ śaktimad avatiṣṭhate | iti evam āhuḥ kāṇādāḥ | tad eva ca kārakam iti | asmin pakṣe ko doṣaḥ iti | ayam eva tu doṣaḥ—yatas tv abhāgavataṃ matam idam | kathaṃ jñāyate ? yataḥ āha bhagavān nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ [gītā 2.16] ity ādi | kāṇādānāṃ hy asato bhāvaḥ, sataś cābhāvaḥ, itīdaṃ matam abhāgavatam | abhāgavatam api nyāyavac cet ko doṣaḥ ? iti cet, ucyate—doṣavat tv idam, sarva-pramāṇa-virodhāt | kathaṃ ? yadi tāvad dvy-aṇukādi dravyaṃ prāg utpatter atyantam evāsat, utpannaṃ ca sthitaṃ kaṃcit kālaṃ punar atyantam evāsattvam āpadyate | tathā ca saty asad eva sat jāyate, sad evāsattvam āpadyate, abhāvo bhāvo bhavati, bhāvaś cābhāvo bhavati |
tatrābhāvo jāyamānaḥ prāg utpatteḥ śaśa-viṣāṇa-kalpaḥ samavāyya-samavāyi-nimittākhyaṃ kāraṇam apekṣya jāyate iti | na caivam, abhāva utpadyate, kāraṇaṃ cāpekṣate iti śakyaṃ vaktum, asatāṃ śaśa-viṣāṇādīnām adarśanāt | bhāvātmakā ced ghaṭādayaḥ utpadyamānāḥ, kiṃcit abhivyakti-mātre kāraṇam apekṣya utpadyante iti śakyaṃ pratipattum | kiṃ ca, asataś ca sataś ca sad-bhāve’sad-bhāve na kvacit pramāṇa-prameya-vyavahāreṣu viśvāsaḥ kasyacit syāt, sat sad evāsat asad eveti niścayānupapatteḥ |
kiṃ ca, utpadyate iti dvy-aṇukāder dravyasya sva-kāraṇa-sattā-sambandham āhuḥ | prāg-utpatteś cāsat, paścāt sva-kāraṇa-vyāpāram apekṣya sva-kāraṇaiḥ paramāṇubhiḥ sattayā ca samavāya-lakṣaṇena sambandhena sambadhyate | sambaddhaṃ sat-kāraṇa-samavetaṃ sad bhavati | tatra vaktavyaṃ katham asataḥ svaṃ kāraṇaṃ bhavet sambandho vā kenacit syāt ? na hi vandhyā-putrasya svaṃ kāraṇaṃ sambandho vā kenacit pramāṇataḥ kalpayituṃ śakyate |
nanu, naiva vaiśeṣikair abhāvasya sambandhaḥ kalpyate | dvy-aṇukādīnāṃ hi dravyāṇāṃ sva-kāraṇena samavāya-lakṣaṇaḥ sambandhaḥ satām evocyate iti ? na, sambandhāt prāk-sattvānabhyupagamāt | na hi vaiśeṣikaiḥ kulāla-daṇḍa-cakrādi-vyāpārāt prāg ghaṭādīnām astitvam iṣyate | na ca mṛda eva ghaṭādy-ākāra-prāptim icchanti | tataś cāsata eva sambandhaḥ pāriśeṣyād iṣṭo bhavati |
nanu, asato’pi samavāya-lakṣaṇaḥ sambandho na viruddhaḥ ? na, vandhyā-putrādīnām adarśanāt | ghaṭāder eva prāg-abhāvasya sva-kāraṇa-sambandho bhavati, na vandhyā-putrādeḥ, abhāvasya tulyatve’pīti viśeṣo’bhāvasya vaktavyaḥ |
ekasyābhāvaḥ, dvayor abhāvaḥ, sarvasyābhāvaḥ, prāg-abhāvaḥ, pradhvaṃsābhāvaḥ, itaretarābhāvaḥ, atyantābhāvaḥ iti lakṣaṇato na kenacit viśeṣo darśayituṃ śakyaḥ | asati ca viśeṣe ghaṭasya prāg-abhāvaḥ eva kulāladibhiḥ ghaṭābhāvam āpadyate sambadhyate ca bhāvena kapālākhyena, sambaddhaś ca sarvavyavahārayogyaś ca bhavati, na tu ghaṭasyaiva pradhvaṃsābhāvo’bhāvatve saty api, iti pradhvaṃsādy-abhāvānāṃ na kvacit vyavahāra-yogyatvam, prāg-abhāvasyaiva dvyaṇukādi-dravyākhyasya utpatty-ādi-vyavahārārhatvam, ity etad asamañjasam | abhāvatvāviśeṣāt atyanta-pradhvaṃsābhāvayor iva ||
nanu, naivāsmābhiḥ prāg-abhāvasya bhāvāpattir ucyate | bhāvasyaiva tarhi bhāvāpattiḥ | yathā ghaṭasya ghaṭāpattiḥ, paṭasya vā paṭāpattiḥ | etad apy abhāvasya bhāvāpattivad eva pramāṇa-viruddham | sāṃkhyasyāpi yaḥ pariṇāma-pakṣaḥ, so’py apūrva-dharmotpatti-vināśāṅgī-karaṇāt vaiśeṣika-pakṣān na viśiṣyate | abhivyakti-tirobhāvāṅgī-karaṇe’py abhivyakti-tirobhāvayor vidyamānatvāvidyamānatva-nirūpaṇe pūrvavad eva pramāṇa-virodhaḥ | etena kāraṇasyaiva saṃsthānam utpatty-ādīty etad api pratyuktam |
pāriśeṣyāt sad ekam eva vastv avidyayā utpatti-vināśādi-dharmaiḥ anekadhā naṭavat vikalpyate iti | idaṃ bhāgavataṃ matam uktaṃ nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ ity asmin loke, sat-pratyayasyāvyabhicārāt, vyabhicārāc cetareṣām iti ||
kathaṃ tarhy ātmano’vikriyatve’śeṣataḥ karmaṇas tyāgo nopapadyate iti ? yadi vastu-bhūtā guṇāḥ, yadi vāvidyā-kalpitāḥ, tad-dharmaḥ karma, tadā ātmany avidyādhyāropitam eva, ity avidvān na hi kaścit kṣaṇam apy aśeṣatas tyaktuṃ śaknotīty uktam | vidvāṃs tu punar vidyayāvidyāyāṃ nivṛttāyāṃ śaknoty evāśeṣataḥ karma parityaktum, avidyādhyāropitasya śeṣānupapatteḥ | na hi taimirika-dṛṣṭyādhyāropitasya dvi-candrādes timirāpagame’pi śeṣo’vatiṣṭhate |
evaṃ ca satīdaṃ vacanam upapannaṃ sarva-karmāṇi manasā ity ādi, sve sve karmaṇy abhirataḥ saṃsiddhiṃ labhate naraḥ sva-karmaṇā tam abhyarcya siddhiṃ vindati mānavaḥ iti ca