BhG 3.10

syntax

purā (formerly) prajāpatiḥ (the lord of creatures) saha-yajñāḥ (along with sacrifice) prajāḥ (offspring) sṛṣṭvā (after emitting) uvāca (he spoke):
anena [yajñena] (by this sacrifice) prasaviṣyadhvam (you should bring forth),
eṣaḥ [yajñaḥ] (this sacrifice) vaḥ (your) iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk (wish-fulfilling cow) astu (it should be).

grammar

saha-yajñāḥ	–	saha-yajña 2n.3 f.; BV: ye yajñena saha vartante tān – those who exist along with the sacrifice (from: saha – together with, in the company of; √yaj – to consecrate, to sacrifice, to worship, yajña – sacrifice, worship, name of Viṣṇu);
prajāḥ	–	pra-jā 2n.3 f. – offspring, creatures, mankind (from: pra-√jan – to be born, be produced, to bring forth);
sṛṣṭvā	–	√sṛj (to let go, to emit) absol. – after emitting;
purā	–	av. – formerly, anciently, in the beginning (from: √pur – to precede);
uvāca	–	√vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1 – he spoke;
prajā-patiḥ	–	prajā-pati 1n.1 m. – the lord of creatures (from: pra-√jan – to be born, be produced, to bring forth, pra-jā – offspring, creatures, mankind; pati – husband, lord);
anena	–	idam sn. 3n.1 m. – by this;
prasaviṣyadhvam	–	pra-√sū (to beget) Vedic form (Cond. without prefix ‘a’) meaning Fut. Imperat. Ā 2v.3 – you should bring forth;
eṣaḥ	–	etad sn. 1n.1 m. – that;
vaḥ	–	yuṣmat sn. 6n.3 – your (shortened form of: yuṣmākam);
astu	–	√as (to be) Imperat. P 1v.1 – it should be;
iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk	–	iṣṭa-kāma-duḥ 1n.1 m.; ya iṣṭān kāmān dogdhi saḥ – that bestows desired objects / wish-fulfilling cow (from: √iṣ – to desire or √yaj – to consecrate, to sacrifice, to worship, PP iṣṭa – desired or worshipped; √kam – to wish, to love, to long for, kāma – wish, desire, pleasure; √duḥ – to milk, duḥ – milking, granting; kāma-duhā – wish-fulfilling cow);

textual variants

eṣa vo ‘stv iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk → eṣa vottiṣṭha karma-kṛt (stand up, that is performer of work for you);

Śāṃkara

The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic

For the following reason also, action should be done by him who is qualified for it:		itaś cādhikṛtena karma kartavyaṃ –
Having first created mankind together with sacrifices, the Prajapati said, „By this shall ye propagate; let this be to you the cow of plenty.		saha-yajñāḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā purovāca prajāpatiḥ | anena prasaviṣyadhvam eṣa vo’stv iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ||3.10||
Mankind: composed of three castes. First: at the beginning of creation.		saha-yajñāḥ yajña-sahitāḥ prajās trayo varṇās tāḥ sṛṣṭvotpādya purā pūrvaṃ sargādāv uvāca uktavān prajāpatiḥ prajānāṃ srāṣṭā | anena yajñena prasaviṣyadhvaṃ prasavo vṛddhir utpattis tāṃ kurudhvam |
The cow of plenty: the cow which yields all desires.		eṣa yajño vo yuṣmākam astu bhavatu iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk | iṣṭān abhipretān kāmān phala-viśeṣān dogdhīti iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ||3.10||

Rāmānuja

yajñaśiṣṭenaiva sarvapuruṣārthasādhananiṣṭhānāṃ śarīradhāraṇakartavyatām, ayajñaśiṣṭena śarīradhāraṇaṃ kurvatāṃ doṣaṃ cāha

„patiṃ viśvasya” ityādiśruter nirupādhikaḥ prajāpatiśabdaḥ sarveśvaraṃ viśvasya sraṣṭāraṃ viśvātmānaṃ parāyaṇaṃ nārāyaṇam āha / purā sargakāle sa bhagavān prajāpatir anādikālapravṛttācitsaṃsargavivaśāḥ upasaṃhṛtanāmarūpavibhāgāḥ svasmin pralīnāḥ sakalapuruṣārthānarhāḥ cetanetarakalpāḥ prajāḥ samīkṣya paramakāruṇikas tadujjīvayiṣayā svārādhanabhūtayajñanirvṛttaye yajñaiḥ saha tāḥ sṛṣṭvaivam uvāca anena yajñena prasaviṣyadhvam, ātmano vṛddhiṃ kurudhvam; eṣa vo yajñaḥ paramapuruṣārthalakṣaṇamokṣākhyasya kāmasya tadanuguṇānāaṃ ca kāmānāṃ prapūrayitā bhavatu

Śrīdhara

prajāpati-vacanād api karma-kartaiva śreṣṭha ity āha sahayajñā iti | yañena saha vartanta iti sahayajñāḥ yajñādhikṛtā brāhmaṇādi-prajāḥ purā sargādau sṛṣṭvā idam uvāca brahmā anena yajñena prasaviṣyadhvam | prasavo hi vṛddhiḥ | uttarottarābhivṛddhiṃ labhadhvam ity arthaḥ | tatra hetuḥ | eṣa yajño vo yuṣmākam iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk | iṣṭān dogdhīti tathā | abhīṣṭa-bhoga-prado ‚stu ity arthaḥ | atra ca yajña-grahaṇam āvaśyaka-karmopalakṣaṇārtham | kāmya-karma-praśaṃsā tu prakaraṇe ‚saṅgatāpi sāmānyato ‚karmaṇaḥ karma śreṣṭham ity etad artham ity adoṣaḥ

Madhusūdana

prajāpati-vacanād apy adhikṛtena karma kartavyam ity āha sahayajñā ity-ādi-caturbhiḥ | saha yajñena vihita-karma-kalāpena vartanta iti sahayajñā samādhikṛtā iti yāvat | vopasarjanasya [Pāṇ 6.3.82] iti pakṣe sādeśābhāvaḥ | prajās trīn varṇān purā kalpādau sṛṣṭvovāca prajānāṃ patiḥ sraṣṭā | kim uvācety āha — anena yajñena svāśramocita-dharmeṇa prasaviṣyadhvam prasūyadhvam | prasavo vṛddhiḥ | uttarottarām abhivṛddhiṃ labhadhvam ity arthaḥ | katham anena vṛddhiḥ syād ity āha eṣa yajñākhyo dharmo vo yuṣmākam iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk | iṣṭān abhimatān kāmān kāmyāni phalāni dogdhi prāpayatīti tathā | abhīṣṭa-bhoga-prado ‚stv ity arthaḥ |

atra yadyapi yajña-grahaṇam āvaśyaka-karmopalakṣaṇārtham akaraṇe pratyavāyasyāgre kathanāt | kāmya-karmaṇāṃ ca prakṛte prastāvo nāsty eva mā karma-phala-hetur bhūr ity anena nirākṛtatvāt | tathāi nitya-karmaṇām ānuṣaṅgika-phala-sadbhāvāt | eṣa vo ‚stv iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ity upapadyate | tathā ca āpastambaḥ smarati tad yathāmre phalārthe nimitte chāyā-gandhāv anūtpadyete evaṃ dharmaṃ caryamāṇam arthā anūtpadyante no ced anūtpadyante na dharma-hānir bhavati iti | phala-sad-bhāve ‚pi tad-abhisandhy-anabhisandhibhyāṃ kāmya-nityayor viśeṣaḥ | anabhisaṃhitasyāpi vastu-svabhāvād utpattau na viśeṣaḥ | vistareṇa cāgre pratipādayiṣyate

Viśvanātha

tad evāśuddha-cittau niṣkāmaṃ karmaiva kuryān na tu sannyāsam ity uktam | idānīṃ yadi ca niṣkāmo ‚pi bhavituṃ na śaknuyāt tadā sakāmam api dharmaṃ viṣṇv-arpitaṃ kuryān na tu karma-tyāgam ity āha saheti saptabhiḥ | yajñena sahitāḥ saha-yajñāḥ vopasarjanasya iti sahasyādeśābhāvaḥ | purā viṣṇv-arpita-dharma-kāriṇīḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā brahmovāca anena dharmeṇa prasaviṣyadhvaṃ prasavo vṛddhir uttarottaram ativṛddhiṃ labhadhvam ity arthaḥ | tāsāṃ sa-kāmatvam abhilakṣyāha eṣa yajño va iṣṭa-kāma-dhug-abhīṣṭa-bhoga-prado ‚stv ity arthaḥ

Baladeva

ayajñeśeṣeṇa deha-yātrāṃ kurvato doṣam āha saheti | prajāpatiḥ sarveśvaro viṣṇuḥ patiṃ viśvasyātmeśvaram ity ādi-śruteḥ | brahma prajānāṃ patir acyuto ‚sāv ity ādi-smaraṇāc ca | purā ādi-sarge saha-yajñā yajñaiḥ sahitā deva-mānavādi-rūpāḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā nāma-rūpa-vibhāga-śūnyāḥ prakṛti-śaktike svasmin vilīnāḥ puruṣārthāyogyās tās tat-sampādaka-nāma-rūpa-bhājo vidhāya yajñaṃ tan-nirūpakaṃ vedaṃ ca prakāśyety arthaḥ | tāḥ pratīdam uvāca kāruṇikaḥ | anena vedoktena mad-arpitena yajñena yūyaṃ prasaviṣyadhvam | prasavo vṛddhiḥ sva-vṛddhiṃ bhajadhvam ity arthaḥ | eṣa mad-arpito yajño vo yuṣmākam iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk hṛd-viśuddhy-ātma-jñāna-deha-yātrā-sampādana-dvārā vāñchita-mokṣa-prado ‚stu