BhG 1.1
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca
dharma-kṣetre kuru-kṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāś caiva kim akurvata saṃjaya
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syntax
dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) uvāca (he spoke):
he saṁjaya (O Saṁjaya!),
dharma-kṣetre (in the field of dharma) kuru-kṣetre eva (just in the field of the Kurus) samavetāḥ (assembled) yuyutsavaḥ (desiring to fight) māmakāḥ (mine) pāṇḍavāḥ ca (and the sons of Pāṇḍu) kim akurvata (what they did?).
grammar
| dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ | – | dhṛta-rāṣṭra 1n.1 m. – by whom the kingdom is held, Dhṛtarāṣṭra (from: √dhṛ – to hold, PP dhṛta – held; rāṣṭra – kingdom); |
| uvāca | – | √vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1 – he spoke; |
| dharma-kṣetre | – | dharma-kṣetra 7n.1 n.; TP: dharmasya kṣetra iti – in the field of dharma (from: √dhṛ – to hold, dharma – the law; √kṣi – to posses, kṣetra – field); |
| kuru-kṣetre | – | kuru-kṣetra 7n.1 n.; TP: kuroḥ kṣetra iti – in the field of the Kurus (from: kuru – Kuru, the Kurus – the descendants of Kuru; √kṣi – to posses, kṣetra – field); |
| samavetāḥ | – | sam-aveta (sam-ava-√i – come together) PP 1n.3 m. – assembled; |
| yuyutsavaḥ | – | yuyutsu (√yudh – to fight) des. 1n.3 m.; yoddhum icchantaḥ – desiring to fight; |
| māmakāḥ | – | māmaka 1n.3 m. – my, mine; |
| pāṇḍavāḥ | – | pāṇḍava 1n.3 m.; pāṇḍoḥ putrā iti – the sons of Pāṇḍu (from: pāṇḍu – white, pale); |
| ca | – | av. – and; |
| eva | – | av. – certainly, just, merely; |
| kim | – | kim sn. 2n.1 n. – what? |
| akurvata | – | √kṛ (to do) Imperf. Ā 1v.3 – they did; |
| saṁjaya | – | sam-jaya 8n.1 m. – conquest, complete victory, Saṁjaya (from: sam-√ji – to conquer completely, jaya – victory); |
textual variants
samavetā yuyutsavaḥ →sarva-kṣatra-samāgame (in the meeting place of all the warriors);
Śrīdhara
tatra dharma-kṣetra ity ādinā ślokena dhṛtarāṣṭrena hastināpura-sthitaṃ sva-sārathiṃ samīpasthaṃ sañjayaṃ prati kurukṣetra-vṛttānte pṛṣṭhe | sañjayo hastināpurasthito ‚pi vyāsa-prasāda-labdha-divya-cakṣuḥ kurukṣetra-vṛttāntaṃ sākṣāt paśyann iva dhṛtarāṣṭrāya nivedayāmāsa | dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkam ity ādinā |
Viśvanātha
athārjunasya śoka-mohau katham bhūtāv ity apekṣāyāṃ mahābhārata-vaktā śrī-vaiśampāyano janamejayaṃ prati tatra bhīṣma-parvaṇi kathām avatārayati dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca iti |
kurukṣetre yuyutsavo yuddhārthaṃ saṅgatā māmakā duryodhanādyāḥ pāṇḍavāś ca yudhiṣṭhirādayaḥ kiṃ kṛtavantas tad brūhi |
nanu yuyutsava iti tvaṃ bravīṣy evāto yuddham eva kartum udyatās te tad api kim akurvateti kenābhiprāyeṇa pṛcchasīty ata āha dharmakṣetra iti | kurukṣetraṃ deva-yajanam iti śrutes tat-kṣetrasya dharma-pravartakatvaṃ prasiddham |
atas tat-saṃsarga-mahimnā yady adharmikāṇām api duryodhanādīnāṃ krodha-nivṛttyā dharme matiḥ syāt | pāṇḍavās tu svabhāvata eva dhārmikās tato bandhu-hiṃsanam anucitam ity ubhayeṣām api viveke udbhūte sandhir api sambhāvyate |
tataś ca mamānanda eveti sañjayaṃ prati jñāpayitum iṣṭo bhāvo bāhyaḥ | ābhyantaras tu sandhau sati pūrvavat sakaṇṭakam eva rājyaṃ mad-ātmajānām iti me durvāra eva viṣādaḥ | tasmād asmākīno bhīṣmas tv arjunena durjaya evety ato yuddham eva śreyas tad eva bhūyād iti tu tan-mano-rathopayogī durlakṣyaḥ |
atra dharma-kṣetre iti kṣetra-padena dharmasya dharmāvatārasya saparikara-yudhiṣṭhirasya dhānyasthānīyatvam | tat-pālakasya śrī-kṛṣṇasya kṛṣi-bala-sthānīyatvam | kṛṣṇa-kṛta-nānā-vidha-sāhāyyasya jala-secana-setu-bandhanādi-sthānīyatvam | śrī-kṛṣṇa-saṃhārya-duryodhanāder dhānya-dveṣi-dhānyākāra-tṛṇa-viśeṣa-sthānīyatvaṃ ca bodhitaṃ sarasvatyā
Baladeva
saṅgrāma-mūrdhni saṃvādo yo ‚bhūd govinda-pārthayoḥ |
tat-saṅgatyai kathāṃ prākhyād gītāsu prathame muniḥ ||
iti tāvad bhagavad-arjuna-saṃvādaṃ prastautuṃ kathā nirūpyate| dharmakṣetre ity ādibhiḥ sapta-viṃśatyā | tad-bhagavataḥ pārtha-sārathyaṃ vidvān dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ sva-putra-vijaye sandihānaḥ sañjayaṃ pṛcchatīty āha | janmejayaṃ prati vaiśampāyanaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāceti | yuyutsavo yoddhum icchavo māmakā mat-putrāḥ pāṇḍavāś ca kurukṣetre samavetāḥ kim akurvateti |
nanu yuyutsavaḥ samavetā iti tvam evātthya tato yudherann eva punaḥ kim akurvateti kas te bhāva iti cet, tatrāha – dharmakṣetra iti | yad anu kurukṣetraṃ devānāṃ deva-yajanaṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ brahma-sadanam ity ādi-śravaṇād dharma-prarohi-bhūmi-bhūtaṃ kurukṣetraṃ prasiddham | tat-prabhāvād vinaṣṭa-vidveṣā mat-putrāḥ kiṃ pāṇḍavebhyas tad-rājyaṃ dātuṃ niścikyuḥ | kiṃ vā, pāṇḍavāḥ sadaiva dharma-śīlā dharma-kṣetre tasmin kula-kṣaya-hetukād adharmād bhītā vana-praveśam eva śreyo vimamṛśur iti | he sañjayeti vyāsa-prasādād vinaṣṭa-rāga-dveṣas tvaṃ tathyaṃ vadety arthaḥ |
pāṇḍavānāṃ māmakatvānuktir dhṛtarāṣṭrasya teṣu droham abhivyanakti | dhānya-kṣetrāt tad-virodhināṃ dhānyābhāsānām iva dharma-kṣetrāt tad-virodhināṃ dharmābhāsānāṃ tvat-putrāṇām apagamo bhāvīti dharma-kṣetra-śabdena gīr-devyā vyajyate
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