BhG 5.6

syntax

he mahā-bāho (O mighty-armed one!),
ayogataḥ (because of lack of yoga) sannyāsaḥ (renunciation) duḥkham (difficult) āptum (to obtain),
yoga-yuktaḥ tu (but engaged in yoga) muniḥ (sage) na cireṇa (speedily) brahma (brahman) adhigacchati (he obtains).

grammar

saṁnyāsaḥ	–	saṁnyāsa 1n.1 m. – laying aside, resignation, renunciation (from: sam-ni-√as – to lay aside, to renounce, to give up);
tu	–	av. – but, then, or, and;
mahābāho	–	mahā-bāhu 8n.1 m.; BV: yasya bāhū mahāntau staḥ saḥ – O you who have mighty arms (from: √mah – to magnify, mahant – great; √baṁh – to grow, to increase, bāhu – the arm);
duḥkham	–	av. – with difficulty (from: dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; kha – cavity, hole, nave; duḥ-kha – pain, difficulty; literally: bad hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving not smooth; or from: duḥ-√sthā; opposite to: sukha – joy, happiness); or duḥkha 2n.1 n. – pain, difficulty;
āptum	–	√āp (to obtain, to reach) inf. – to obtain;
a-yogataḥ	–	av. because of lack of yoga (from: √yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy; indeclinable ablative with an ending –tas);
yoga-yuktaḥ	–	yoga-yukta 1n.1 m.; TP: yogena yuktaḥ iti – engaged in yoga (from: √yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy, PP yukta – yoked, endowed with);
muniḥ	–	muni 1n.1 m. – sage, saint, seer (from: √man – to think, to imagine);
brahma	–	brahman 2n.1 n. – spirit (from: √bṛh – to increase);
na-cireṇa	–	av. – speedily, not for long (from: cira – long, delay);
adhigacchati	–	adhi-√gam (to cross over, to obtain) Praes. P 1v.1 – he obtains;

textual variants

brahma → brahman (O knower of the Veda!);
na cireṇa → acireṇa (quickly);

Śāṃkara

evaṃ tarhi yogāt saṃnyāsa eva viśiṣyate | kathaṃ tarhīdam uktaṃ tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate [gītā 5.2] iti ? sṛṇu tatra kāraṇaṃ—tvayā pṛṣṭāṃ kevalaṃ karma-saṃnyāsaṃ karma-yogaṃ cābhipretya tayor anyataraḥ kaḥ śreyān ? iti | tad-anurūpaṃ prativacanaṃ mayoktaṃ karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate iti jñānam anapekṣya | jñānāpekṣas tu saṃnyāsaḥ sāṃkhyam iti mayābhipretaḥ | paramārtha-yogaś ca sa eva | yas tu karma-yogo vaidikaḥ sa ca tādarthyāt yogaḥ saṃnyāsa iti copacaryate | kathaṃ tādarthyaṃ ? ity ucyate—

saṃnyāsas tu pāramārthiko duḥkham āptuṃ prāptum ayogato yogena vinā | yoga-yukto vaidikena karma-yogena vaidikena karma-yogeneśvara-samarpita-rūpeṇa phala-nirapekṣeṇa yukto muniḥ | mananād īśvara-svarūpasya muniḥ | brahma paramātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇatvāt prakṛtaḥ saṃnyāso brahmocyate | nyāsa iti brahmā brahmā hi paraḥ [mātrahānāruttaṃ 78] iti śruteḥ | brahma paramārtha-saṃnyāsaṃ paramārtha-jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaṃ na cireṇa kṣipram evādhigacchati prāpnoti | ato mayoktaṃ karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti

Rāmānuja

iyān viśeṣa ity āhā

saṃnyāsaḥ jñānayogas tu ayogataḥ karmayogād rte prāptum aśakyaḥ; yogayuktaḥ karmayogayuktaḥ svayam eva muniḥ ātmamananaśīlaḥ sukhena karmayogaṃ sādhayitvā na cireṇa alpenaiva kālena brahmādhigacchati ātmānaṃ prāpnoti / jñānayogayuktas tu mahatā duḥkhena jñānayogaṃ sādhayati; duḥkhasādhyatvād ātmānaṃ cireṇa prāpnotītyarthaḥ

Śrīdhara

yadi karma-yogino ‚py antataḥ saṃnyāsenaiva jñāna-nisṭhā tarhy ādita eva saṃnyāsaḥ kartuṃ yukta iti manvānaṃ praty āha saṃnyāsa iti | ayogataḥ karma-yogaṃ vinā saṃnyāso duḥkham āptum duḥkha-hetuḥ | aśakya ity arthaḥ | citta-śuddhy-abhāvena jñāna-niṣṭhāyā asambhavāt | yoga-yuktas tu śuddha-cittatayā muniḥ saṃnyāsī bhūtvācireṇaiva brahmādhigacchati | aparokṣaṃ jānāti | ataś citta-śuddheḥ prāk karma-yoga eva saṃnyāsād viśiṣyata iti pūrvoktaṃ siddham | tad uktaṃ vārttika-kṛdbhiḥ –

pramādino bahiś cittāḥ piśunāḥ kalahotsukāḥ |
sannyāsino ‚pi dṛśyante daiva-sandūṣitāśrayāḥ || iti

Madhusūdana

aśuddhāntaḥkaraṇenāpi saṃnyāsa eva prathamaṃ kuto na kriyate jñāna-niṣṭhā-hetutvena tasyāvaśakatvād iti cet tatrāha saṃnyāsa iti | ayogato yogam antaḥ-karaṇa-śodhakaṃ śāstrīyaṃ karmāntareṇa haṭhād eva yaḥ kṛtaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ sa tu duḥkham āptum eva bhavati, aśuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvena tat-phalasya jñāna-nisṭhāyā asambhavāt | śodhake ca karmaṇy anadhikārāt karma-brahmobhaya-bhraṣṭatvena parama-saṅkaṭāpatteḥ | karma-yoga-yuktas tu śuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvān munir manana-śīlaḥ saṃnyāsī bhūtvā brahma satya-jñānādi-lakṣaṇam ātmānaṃ na cireṇa śīghram evādhigacchati sākṣātkaroti pratibandhakābhāvāt | etac coktaṃ prāg eva –

na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo ‚śnute |
na ca saṃnyasanād eva siddhiṃ samadhigacchati || [Gītā 3.4] iti |

ata eka-phalatve ‚pi karma-saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti yat prāg uktaṃ tad upapannam

Viśvanātha

kintu samyak-citta-śuddhim anirdhārayato jñāninaḥ saṃnyāso duḥkhadaḥ karma-yogas tu sukhada eveti pūrva-vyañjitam arthaṃ spaṣṭam evāha saṃnyāsas tv iti | citta-vaiguṇye satīti śeṣaḥ | ayogataḥ karma-yogābhāvāc citta-vaiguṇya-praśāmaka-karma-yogasya saṃnyāsiny abhāvāt tatra anadhikārād ity arthaḥ | saṃnyāso duḥkham eva prāptuṃ bhavati | tad uktaṃ vārttika-kṛdbhiḥ –

pramādino bahiś cittāḥ piśunāḥ kalahotsukāḥ |
sannyāsino ‚pi dṛśyante daiva-sandūṣitāśrayāḥ || iti |

śrutir api -yadi na samuddharanti yatayo hṛdi kāma-jaṭā iti | bhagavatāpi yas tva saṃyata-ṣaḍ-vargaḥ [BhP 11.18.40] ity ādy uktam | tasmād yoga-yuktaḥ niṣkāma-karmavān munir jñānī san brahma śīghraṃ prāpnoti

Baladeva

jñāna-yogasya duṣkaratvāt sukara-karma-yogaḥ śreyān ity āha saṃnyāsas tv iti | saṃnyāsaḥ sarvendriya-vyāpāra-vinivṛtti-rūpo jñāna-yogaḥ | ayogataḥ karma-yogaṃ vinā duḥkhaṃ prāptum bhavati | duṣkaratvāt sapramādatvāc ca duḥkha-hetur eva syād ity arthaḥ | yoga-yukta-niṣkāma-karmī tu munir ātma-manana-śīlaḥ sann acireṇa śīghram eva brahmādhigacchati