BhG 5.17

tad-buddhayas tad-ātmānas tan-niṣṭhās tat-parāyaṇāḥ
gacchanty apunar-āvṛttiṃ jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ

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syntax


[ye] (those who) tad-buddhayaḥ (whose intelligence is in that) tad-ātmānaḥ (whose self is in that) tan-niṣṭhāḥ (whose faith is in that) tat-parāyaṇāḥ (who are fully dedicated to that) jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ (whose sins got destroyed by knowledge)
[te janāḥ] (these people) apunar-āvṛttim (no rebirth) gacchanti (they go).

 

grammar

tad-buddhayaḥ tad-buddhi 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ buddhis tasminn asti tethose whose intelligence is in that (from: tatsn. that; budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand; buddhi – intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion);
tad-ātmānaḥ tad-ātman 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣām ātmā tasminn asti tethose whose self is in that (from: tatsn. that; ātman – self);
tan-niṣṭhāḥ tad-niṣṭha 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ niṣṭhā tasminn asti tethose whose faith is in that (from: tatsn. that; sthā – to stay, to exist, niṣṭhā – state, firmness, devotion, faith, perfection, conclusion, death);
tat-parāyaṇāḥ tad-parāyaṇa 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ tat parāyaṇam asti tethose who are fully dedicated to that (from: tatsn. that; para – beyond, ancient, final, the best, the supreme; ayana – a path; parāyaṇa – supreme path, the final goal; in compounds: fully dedicated to);
gacchanti gam (to go) Praes. P 1v.3 they go;
apunar-āvṛttim a-punar-āvṛtti 2n.1 f.no return again, no rebirth (from: av. punaḥ – back, again, a-punaḥ – never again; ā-vṛt – to return, to reverse; āvṛtti – return, repetition);
jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣa 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ kalmaṣāṇi jñānena nirdhūtāni santi tethose whose sins got destroyed by knowledge (from: jñā – to know, to understand, jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, intelligence; nir-dhū – to shake, to destroy; PP nir-dhūta – shaken, harassed; karma+so – destroying good acts, kalmaṣa – dirt, stain, sin);

 

textual variants


jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ → jñāna-nirdhauta-kalmaṣāḥ (whose sins got washes by knowledge);

… → verse, not found in critical edition, after verse 5.17:
smaranto ‚pi muhus tv etat spṛśanto ‚pi svakarmaṇi
saktā api na sajjanti paṅke ravi-karā iva

Although they remember again and again, although they are in touch with that [world],
and although they are attached to their own activities, they do not cling as the sunrays to the mud.

 
 



Śāṃkara


yat paraṃ jñānaṃ prakāśitaṃ—

tasmin brahmaṇi gatā buddhir yeṣāṃ te tad-buddhayaḥ, tad-ātmānas tad eva paraṃ brahma ātmā yeṣāṃ te tad-ātmanāḥ, tan-niṣṭhāḥ niṣṭhā abhiniveśas tātparyaṃ sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasya tasmin brahmaṇy eva avasthānaṃ yeṣāṃ te tan-niṣṭhāḥ, tat-parāyaṇā ca tad eva param ayanaṃ parā gatir yeṣāṃ bhavati te tat-parāyaṇāḥ kevalātma-rataya ity arthaḥ | yeṣāṃ jñānena nāśitam ātmano’jñānaṃ te gacchanti evaṃ-vidyāḥ apunar-āvṛttim apunar-deha-saṃbandhaṃ jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣā yathoktena jñānena nirdhūto nāśitaḥ kalmaṣaḥ pāpādi-saṃsāra-kāraṇa-doṣo yeṣāṃ te jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣā yatayaḥ ity arthaḥ

 

Rāmānuja


tadbuddhayaḥ tathāvidhātmadarśanādhyavasāyāḥ, tadātmānaḥ tadviṣayamanasaḥ, tanniṣṭhāḥ tadabhyāsaniratāḥ, tatparāyaṇāḥ tad eva paramaprayojanam iti manvānāḥ, evam abhyasyamānena jñānena nirdhūtaprācīnakalmaṣāḥ tathāvidham ātmanam apunarāvṛttiṃ gacchanti / yad avasthād ātmanaḥ punarāvṛttir na vidyate, sa ātmā apunarāvṛttiḥ / svena rūpeṇāvasthitam ātmānaṃ gacchantītyarthaḥ

 

Śrīdhara


evaṃbhūteśvaropāsakānāṃ phalam āha tad-buddhaya iti | tasminn eva buddhir niścayātmikā yeṣām | tasminn etātmā mano yeṣām | tasminn eva niṣṭhā tātparyaṃ yeṣām | tad eva param ayamam āśrayo yeṣām | tataś ca tat-prasāda-labdhenātma-jñānena nirdhūtaṃ nirastaṃ kalmaṣaṃ yeṣām | te ‚punar-āvṛttiṃ muktiṃ yānti

 

Madhusūdana


jñānena paramātma-tattva-prakāśe sati tad-buddhaya iti | tasmin jñāna-prakāśite paramātma-tattve sac-cid-ānanda-ghana eva bāhya-sarva-viṣaya-parityāgena sādhana-paripākāt paryavasitā buddhir antaḥkaraṇa-vṛttiḥ sākṣātkāra-lakṣaṇā yeṣāṃ te tad-buddhayaḥ sarvadā nirbīja-samādhi-bhāja ity arthaḥ | tat kiṃ boddhāro jīvā boddhavyaṃ brahma-tattvam iti boddhṛ-boddhavya-bhāvo hi māyā-vijṛmbhito na vāstavābheda-virodhīti bhāvaḥ |

nanu tad-ātmāna iti viśeṣaṇaṃ vyartham | avidvad-vyavartakaṃ hi vidvad-viśeṣaṇam | ajñā api hi vastu-gatyā tad-ātmāna iti kathaṃ tad-vyāvṛttir iti cet, na | itarātmatva-vyāvṛttau tātparyāt | ajñā hi anātma-bhūte dehādāv ātmābhimānina iti na tad-ātmāna iti vyapadiśyante | vijñās tu nivṛtta-dehādy-abhimānā iti virodhi-nivṛttyā tad-ātmāna iti vyapadiśyanta iti yuktaṃ viśeṣaṇam |

nanu karmānuṣṭhāna-vikṣepe sati kathaṃ dehādy-abhimāna-nivṛttir iti tatrāha tan-niṣṭhā iti | tasminn eva brahmaṇi sarva-karmānuṣṭhāna-vikṣepa-nivṛttyā niṣṭhā sthitir yeṣāṃ te tan-niṣṭhāḥ | sarva-karma-saṃnyāsena tad-eka-vicāra-parā ity arthaḥ | phala-rāge sati kathaṃ tat-sādhana-bhūta-karma-tyāga iti tatrāha tat-parāyaṇāḥ | tad eva param ayanaṃ prāptavyaṃ yeṣāṃ te tat-parāyaṇāḥ | sarvato viraktā ity arthaḥ |

atra tad-buddhaya ity anena sākṣātkāra uktaḥ | tad-ātmāna ity anātmābhimā-rūpa-viparīta-bhāva-nivṛtti-phalako vedānta-vicāraḥ śravaṇa-manana-paripāka-rūpaḥ | tat-parāyaṇā ity anena vairāgya-prakarṣaṃ ity uttarottarasya pūrva-pūrva-hetutvaṃ draṣṭavyam | ukta-viśeṣaṇā yatayo gacchanty apunar-āvṛttiṃ punar-deha-sambandhābhāva-rūpāṃ muktiṃ prāpnuvanti | sakṛn muktānām api punar deha-sambandhaḥ kuto na syād iti tatrāha jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ jñānena nirdhūtaṃ samūlam unmūlitaṃ punar-deha-sambandha-kāraṇaṃ kalmaṣaṃ puṇya-pāpātmakaṃ karma yeṣāṃ te tathā | jñānenānādy-ajñāna-nivṛttyā tat-kārya-karma-kṣaye tan-mūlakaṃ punar deha-grahaṇaṃ kathaṃ bhaved iti bhāvaḥ

 

Viśvanātha


kintu vidyā jīvātma-jñānam eva prakāśayati, na tu paramātma-jñānaṃ bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ iti bhagavad-ukteḥ | tasmāt paramātma-jñānārthaṃ jñānibhir api punar viśeṣato bhaktiḥ kāryā ity ata āha tad-buddhaya iti | tat-padena pūrvam upakrānto vibhuḥ parāmṛśyate | tasmin parameśvara eva buddhir yeṣām te tam-manana-parā ity arthaḥ | tad-ātmānas tan-manaskās tam eva dhyāyanta ity arthaḥ | tan-niṣṭhāḥ jñānaṃ mayi saṃnyaset iti bhagavad-ukteḥ | dehādy-atiriktātmma-jñāne ‚pi sāttvike niṣṭhāṃ parityajya tad-eka-niṣṭhāḥ | tat-parāyaṇās tadīya-śravaṇa-kīrtana-parāḥ | yad vakṣyate –

bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān yaś cāsmi tattvataḥ |
tato māṃ tattvato jñātvā viśate tad-anantaram || [Gītā 18.55] iti |

jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣā jñānena vidyāyaiva pūrvam eva dhvasta-samastāvidyāḥ

 

Baladeva


paramātmany avaiṣamyādi-dhyāyatāṃ phalam āha tad iti | tasmiṃs tad-avaiṣamyādike guṇa-gaṇe buddhir niścayātmikā yeṣāṃ te | tad-ātmānas tasmin niviṣṭa-manasaḥ tan-niṣṭhās tat-tātparyavantas tat-parāyaṇās tat-samāśrayāḥ | evam abhyastena tad-vaiṣamyādi-guṇa-jñānena nirdhūta-kalmaṣā vinaṣṭa-tad-vaimukhyāḥ santa apunar-āvṛttiṃ muktiṃ gacchantīti

 
 



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