BhG 5.23

syntax

yaḥ (he who) iha eva (just here) śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt prāk (before liberation from the body) kāma-krodhodbhavaṁ (born from desire and anger) vegam (the urge) soḍhum (to tolerate) śaknoti (he is able),
saḥ naraḥ (such a person) yuktaḥ (engaged) [asti] (is),
saḥ (he) sukhī (happy) [asti] (is).

grammar

śaknoti	–	√śak (to be able to) Praes. P 1v.1 – he is able;
iha	–	av. – here (often meaning: in this world);
eva	–	av. – certainly, just, merely;
yaḥ	–	yat sn. 1n.1 m. – he who;
soḍhum	–	√sah (to overcome, to tolerate) inf. – to tolerate;
prāk	–	av. – before (from: prāñc – directed to, being in front, opposite, before – requires ablative);
śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt	–	śarīra-vimokṣaṇa 5n.1 n.; TP: śarīrasya vimokṣaṇād iti – [before] liberation from the body / [before] death (from: √śri – to lean on, to rest on; or from: √śṝ – to break, to crush, śarīra – easy to be destroyed, the body; vi-√muc – to liberate, vimokṣaṇa – liberation, deliverance, casting away);
kāma-krodhodbhavam	–	kāma-krodha-udbhava 2n.1 m.; DV/BV: yasya kāmāt krodhāc codbhavo ‘sti tam – which is brn from desire and anger (from: √kam –to wish, to love, to long for, kāma – desire, love, pleasure; √krudh – to be angry, krodha – anger, wrath; ud-√bhū – to spring up from, to produce, udbhava – springing from, production);
vegam	–	vega 2n.1 m. – force, impulse, urge (from: √vij – to speed);
saḥ	–	tat sn. 1n.1 m. – he;
yuktaḥ	–	yukta (√yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage) PP 1n.1 m. – yoked, endowed with, engaged, suitable;
saḥ	–	tat sn. 1n.1 m. – he;
sukhī	–	sukhin 1n.1 m. – who is happy (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kha – cavity, hole, nave; su-kha – joy, happiness, literally: good hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving smooth; or from: su-√sthā; opposite to: duḥkha – pain, difficulty);
naraḥ	–	nara 1n.1 m. – a man, a person (from: nṛ – man, mankind);

textual variants

śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt → śarīra-vimocanāt ([before] liberation of the body);
kāma-krodhodbhavaṁ vegaṁ → kāmottha-vegānuroddhaḥ (who stopped the impulse born of desire);
sa yuktaḥ → sa yogī / saṁyuktaḥ (such a yogī / well engaged);
sa sukhī → parmo / susukhī (supreme / very happy);
naraḥ → mataḥ (it is thought);

Śāṃkara

ayaṃ ca śreyo-mārga-pratipakṣī kaṣṭatamo doṣaḥ sarvānartha-prāpti-hetur durnivāraś ceti tat-parihāre yatnādhikyaṃ kartavyam ity āha bhagavān—

śaknoty utsahata ihaiva jīvann eva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prasahituṃ prāk pūrvaṃ śarīravimokṣaṇāt ā maraṇāt ity arthaḥ | maraṇa-sīmā-karaṇaṃ jīvato’vayaṃbhāvi hi kāma-krodhodbhavo vegaḥ, anantanimittavān hi saḥ iti yāvat maraṇaṃ tāvat na visrāmbhaṇīya ity arthaḥ | kāmaḥ indriyagocaraprāpte iṣṭo viṣaye śrūyamāṇe smaryamāṇe vā anubhūte sukhahetau yā gajñāṃdhas tṛṣṇā sa kāmaḥ | krodhaś cātmanaḥ pratikūleṣu duḥkha-hetuṣu dṛyamāneṣu śrūyamāṇeṣu smaryamāṇeṣu vā yo dveṣaḥ sa krodhaḥ | tau kāma-krodhāv udbhavo yasya vegasya sa kāma-krodhodbhavo vegaḥ | romāñcana-prahṛṣṭa-netra-vadanādi-liṅgo’ntaḥ-karaṇa-prakṣobha-rūpaḥ kāmodbhavo vegaḥ | gātra-prakampa-prasveda-saṃdaṣṭauṣṭha-puṭa-rakta-netrādi-liṅgaḥ krodhodbhavo vegaḥ | taṃ kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ ya utsahate prasahate soḍhuṃ prasahitum, so yukto yogī sukhī ceha loke naraḥ

Rāmānuja

śarīravimokṣaṇāt prāk ih+eva sādhanānuṣṭhānadaśāyam eva ātmānubhavaprītyā kāmakrodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ soḍhuṃ niroddhuṃ yaḥ śaknoti, sa yuktaḥ ātmānubhavāyārhaḥ / sa eva śarīravimokṣottarakālam ātmānubhavaikasukhas saṃpatsyate

Śrīdhara

yasmān mokṣa eva paramaḥ puruṣārthaḥ | tasya ca kāma-krodha-vego ‚tipratipakṣaḥ | atas tat-sahana-samartha eva mokṣa-bhāg ity āha śaknotīti | kāmāt kordhāc codbhavati yo vego mano-netrādi-kṣobhādi-lakṣaṇaḥ | tam ihaiva tad-uttara-samaya eva yo naraḥ soḍhuṃ pratiroddhuṃ śaknoti, tad api na kṣaṇa-mātram | kintu śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt prāk, yāvad-deha-pātam ity arthaḥ | ya evaṃbhūtaḥ sa eva yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ sukhī ca bhavati | nānyaḥ | yad vā maraṇād ūrdhvaṃ vilapantībhir yuvatībhir āliṅgyamāno ‚pi putrādibhir dahyamāno ‚pi yathā prāṇa-śūnyaḥ kāma-krodha-vegaṃ sahate tathā maraṇāt prāg api jīvann eva yaḥ sahate sa eva yuktaḥ sukhī cety arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ vaśiṣṭhena –

prāṇe gate yathā dehaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ na vindati |
tathā cet prāṇa-yukto ‚pi sa kaivalyāśrayo bhavet || iti

Madhusūdana

sarvānartha-prāpti-hetur durnivāro ‚yaṃ śreyo-mārga-pratipakṣaḥ kaṣṭatamo doṣo mahatā yatnena mumukṣuṇā nivāraṇīya iti yatnādhikya-vidhānāya punar āha śaknotīti | ātmano ‚nukūleṣu sukha-hetuṣu dṛśyamāneṣu smaryamāṇeṣu vā tad-guṇānusandhānābhyāsena yo raty-ātmako gardho ‚bhilāṣas tṛṣṇā lobhaḥ sa kāmaḥ | strī-puṃsayoḥ paraspara-vyatikarābhilāṣe tv atyanta-nirūḍhaḥ kāma-śabdaḥ | etad-abhilāṣeṇa kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobha ity atra dhana-tṛṣṇā lobhaḥ strī-vyatikara-tṛṣṇā kāma iti kāma-lobhau pṛthag uktau | iha tu tṛṣṇā-sāmānyābhiprāyeṇa kāma-śabdaḥ prayukta iti lobhaḥ pṛthaṅ noktaḥ | evam ātmanaḥ pratikūleṣu duḥkha-hetuṣu dṛśyamāneṣu śrūyamāṇeṣu vā tad-doṣānusandhānābhyāsena yaḥprajvalanātmako dveṣo manyuḥ sa krodhaḥ | tayor utkaṭāvasthā loka-veda-virodha-pratisandhāna-pratibandhakatayā loka-veda-viruddha-pravṛtty-unmukhatva-rūpā nadī-vega-sāmyena vega ity ucyate | yathā hi nadyā vego varṣāsv atiprabalatayā loka-veda-virodha-pratisandhānenānicchantam api garte pātayitvā majjayati cādho nayati ca, tathā kāma-krodhayor vego viṣayābhidhyānābhyāsena varṣā-kāla-sthānīyenātiprabalo loka-veda-virodha-pratisandhānenānicchantam api viṣaya-garte pātayitvā saṃsāra-samudre majjayati cādho mahā-narakān nayati ceti vega-pada-prayogeṇa sūcitam | etac cātha kena prayukto ‚yam ity atra nivṛttam |

tam etādṛśaṃ kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegam antaḥkaraṇa-prakṣobha-rūpaṃ stambha-svedādy-aneka-bāhya-vikāra-liṅgam ā-śarīra-vimokṣaṇāc charīra-vimokṣaṇa-paryantam aneka-nimitta-vaśāt sarvadā sambhāvyamānatvenāvisrambhaṇīyam antar utpanna-doṣa-darśanābhyāsajena vaśīkāra-saṃjñaka-vairāgyeṇa soḍhuṃ tad-anurūpa-kāryāsampādanenānarthakaṃ kartuṃ śaknoti samartho bhavati, sa eva yukto yogī, sa eva sukhī, sa eva naraḥ pumān puruṣārtha-sampādanāt | tad-itaras tv āhāra-nidrā-bhaya-maithunādi-paśu-dharma-mātra-ratatvena manuṣyākāraḥ paśur eveti bhāvaḥ |

ā-śarīra-vimokṣaṇād ity atrānyad vyākhyānam – yathā maraṇād ūrdhvaṃ vilapantībhir yuvatībhir āliṅgyamāno ‚pi putrādibhir dahyamāno ‚pi prāṇa-śūnyatvāt kāma-krodha-vegaṃ sahate, tathā maraṇāt prāg api jīvann eva yaḥ sahate sa yukta ity ādi | atra yadi maraṇavaj jīvane ‚pi kāma-krodhānutpatti-mātraṃ brūyāt tadaitad yujyate | yathoktaṃ vaśiṣṭhena –

prāṇe gate yathā dehaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ na vindati |
tathā cet prāṇa-yukto ‚pi sa kaivalyāśrame vaset || iti |

iha tūpannayoḥ kāma-krodhayor vega-sahane prastute tayor anutpatti-mātraṃ na dārṣṭānta iti kim atinirbandhena

Viśvanātha

saṃsāra-sindhau patito ‚py eṣa eva yogī eṣa eva sukhīty āha śaknotīti

Baladeva

śaknotīhaiva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prāk śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt | kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ sa yuktaḥ sa sukhī naraḥ