BhG 1.24-25
evam ukto hṛṣīkeśo guḍākeśena bhārata
senayor ubhayor madhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam
bhīsma-droṇa-pramukhataḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitām
uvāca pārtha paśyaitān samavetān kurūn iti
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syntax
he bhārata (O descendant of Bhārata!),
guḍākeśena (by Guḍākeśa) hṛṣīkeśaḥ (Hṛṣīkeśa) evam uktaḥ (who is thus spoken to),
ubhayoḥ (of both) senayoḥ (of the two armies) madhye (in the middle),
bhīṣma-droṇa-pramukhataḥ (in front of Bhīṣma and Droṇa),
sarveṣām ca (and of all those) mahī-kṣitām (of the rulers of earth) [sammukhe] (in front of),
rathottamam (the excellent charriot) sthāpayitvā (after having placed), uvāca (he spoke):
he pārtha (O son of Pṛthā!) etān (these) samavetān (who are assembled) kurūn (the members of the Kuru dynasty) paśya (you must see) iti (end of quotation).
grammar
| evam | – | av. – thus; |
| uktaḥ | – | ukta (√vac – to speak) PP 1n.1 m. – who is spoken to; |
| hṛṣīkeśaḥ | – | hṛṣīkeśa 1n.1 m. – erect hair, Hṛṣīkeśa (from: √hṛṣ – to be excited; hṛṣī – erect; keśa – hair) or TP: hṛṣīkāṇām / indriyāṇām īśa iti – lord of the senses (from: hṛṣīka – an organ of senses; √xīś – to own, to reign, īśa – ruler, lord); |
| guḍākeśena | – | guḍākeśa 3n.1 m. – by one with thick hair (from: guḍa – ball, molasses; keśa – hair) or TP: guḍākāyā īśeneti – by lord of laziness (from: guḍākā – laziness, idleness, sleep; √xīś – to own, to reign, īśa – ruler, lord); |
| bhārata | – | bhārata 8n.1 m. – O descendant of Bhārata; |
| senayoḥ | – | senā 6n.2 f. – of the two armies; |
| ubhayoḥ | – | ubhā sn. 6n.2 f. – of both; |
| madhye | – | madhya 7n.1 n. – in the middle, inside; |
| sthāpayitvā | – | √sthā (to stand) absol. caus. – after causing to stand; |
| rathottamam | – | ratha-uttama 2n.1 m.; uttamaṁ ratham iti – the excellent chariot (from: ratha – chariot; uttama – the best, superlative of: ud – upwards, above); |
******
| bhīṣma-droṇa-pramukhataḥ | – | av. bhīṣmasya droṇasya ca pramukhataḥ /sammukhe – in front of Bhīṣma and Droṇa (from: √bhī – to scare, bhīṣma – frightful; droṇa – cloud full of rain, tree; pra-mukha – turning the face towards, foremost, pramukhataḥ – in front of, indeclinable ablative with an ending -tas); |
| sarveṣām | – | sarva sn. 6n.3 m. – of all these; |
| ca | – | av. – and; |
| mahī-kṣitām | – | mahī-kṣit 6n.3 m.; TP: ye mahīm kṣayanti tām – of those who rule the earth (from: √mah – to magnify, mahant – great, mahī – earth; √kṣi – to possess, kṣit – ruling, dwelling; occurs mostly in compounds); |
| uvāca | – | √vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1 – he spoke; |
| pārtha | – | pārtha 8n.1 m. – O son of Pṛthā (from: √pṛth – to extend, pṛthā – Kuntī, mother of the sons of Pāṇḍu); |
| paśya | – | √dṛś (to see) Imperat. P 2v.1 – you must see; |
| etān | – | etat sn. 2n.3 m. – these; |
| samavetān | – | samaveta (sam-ava-√i – come together) PP 2n.3 m. – those who are assembled; |
| kurūn | – | kuru 2n.3 m. – members of the Kuru dynasty; |
| iti | – | av. – thus (used to close the quotation); |
textual variants
In some editions before this verse there is: saṁjaya uvāca (Saṁjaya spoke);
senayor ubhayor madhye → ubhayor senayor madhye (between two armies);
Rāmānuja
sa ca tena coditas tat-kṣaṇād eva bhīṣma-droṇādīnāṃ sarveṣām eva mahīkṣitāṃ paśyatāṃ yathā coditam akarot | īdṛśī bhavadīyānāṃ vijaya-sthitir iti cāvocat
Śrīdhara
tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam | ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca evam ukta ity ādi | uḍākā nidrā tasya īśena jita-nidreṇa arjunena evam uktaḥ san | he bhārata, he dhṛtarāṣṭra senayor madhye rathānām uttamaṃ rathaṃ hṛṣīkeśaḥ sthāpitavān | bhīṣma-droṇa iti mahīkṣitāṃ rājñāṃ ca pramukhataḥ sammukhe rathaṃ sthāpayitvā | he pārtha etān kurūn paśyeti śrī-bhagavān uvāca
Viśvanātha
hṛṣīkeśaḥ sarvendriya-niyantāpy evam ukto ‚rjunenādiṣṭaḥ | arjuna-vāg-indriya-mātreṇāpi niyamyo ‚bhūd ity aho prea-vaśyatvaṃ bhagavata iti bhāvaḥ | guḍākeśena guḍā yathā mādhurya-mātra-prakāśakās tat tathā svīya-sneha-rasāsvāda-prakāśakā akeśā viṣṇu-brahma-śivā yasya tena akāro viṣṇuḥ ko brahmā īśo mahā-devaḥ | yatra sarvāvatāri-cūḍāmaṇīndraḥ svayaṃ bhagavān śrī-kṛṣṇa eva premādhīnaḥ sann ājñānuvartī babhūva | tatra guṇāvatāratvāt tad-aṃśāḥ viṣṇu-brahma-rudrāḥ katham aiśvaryaṃ prakāśayantu | kintu svakartṛkaṃ sneha-rasaṃ prakāśyaiva svaṃ svaṃ kṛtārthaṃ manyanta ity arthaḥ | yad uktaṃ śrī-bhagavatā para-vyoma-nāthenāpi dvijātmamajā me yuvayor didṛkṣuṇā iti |
yad vā, guḍāko nidrā tasyā īśena jita-nidrenety arthaḥ | atrāpi vyākhyāyāṃ sākṣān māyāyā api niyantā yaḥ śrī-kṛṣṇaḥ sa cāpi yena premṇā vijitya vaśīkṛtas tenārjunena māyā-vṛttir nidrā varākī jiteti kiṃ citram iti bhāvaḥ | bhīṣma-droṇayoḥ pramukhataḥ pramukhe sammukhe sarveṣāṃ mahīkṣitāṃ rājñāṃ ca | pramukhataḥ iti samāsa-praviṣṭe ‚pi pramukhataḥ-śabda ākṛṣyate
Baladeva
tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjayaḥ prāha evam iti | guḍākā nidrā tasyā īśaḥ sva-sakha-śrī-bhagavad-guṇa-lāvaṇya-smṛti-niveśena vijita-nidras tat-parama-bhaktas tenārjunenaivam uktaḥ pravartito hṛṣīkeśas tac-citta-vṛtty-abhijño bhagavān senayor madhye bhīṣma-droṇayoḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitāṃ bhū-bhujāṃ ca pramukhataḥ sammukhe rathottamaṃ agnidattaṃ rathaṃ sthāpayitvovāca he pārtha samavetān etān kurūn paśyeti | pārtha-hṛṣīkeśa-śabdābhyām idaṃ sūcyate matipitṛ-svasṛ-putratvāt tvat-sārathyam ahaṃ kariṣyāmy eva tvaṃ tv adhunaiva yuyutsāṃ tyakṣyasīti kiṃ śatru-sainya-vīkṣaṇeneti sopahāso bhāvaḥ
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