atha ṣaṣṭho ‘dhyāyaḥ – dhyāna-yogaḥ

Śāṃkara

atītānantarādhyāyānte dhyāna-yogasya samyag darśanaṃ praty antaraṅgasya sūtra-bhūtāḥ ślokāḥ sparśān kṛtvā bahiḥ [gītā 5.27] ity ādaya upadiṣṭaḥ | teṣāṃ vṛtti-sthānīyo’yaṃ ṣaṣṭho’dhyāya ārabhyate | tatra dhyāna-yogasya bahiraṅgaṃ karmeti yāvad dhyāna-yogārohaṇa-samarthas tāvad gṛhasthenādhikṛtena kartavyaṃ karma ity atas tat stauti |

nanu kim-arthaṃ dhyāna-yogārohaṇa-sīmā-karaṇam, yāvatānuṣṭheyam eva vihitaṃ karma yāvajjīvam | na, ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ karma kāraṇam ucyate [gītā 3.3] iti viśeṣaṇāt | ārūḍhasya ca śamenaiva saṃbandha-karaṇāt | ārurukṣor ārūḍhasya ca śamaḥ karmaś cobhayaṃ kartavyatvenābhipretaṃ cet syāt tadārurukṣor ārūḍhasya ceti śama-karma-viṣaya-bhedena viśeṣaṇaṃ vibhāga-karaṇaṃ cānarthakaṃ syāt |

tatrāśramiṇāṃ kaścid yogam ārurukṣur bhavati | ārūḍhaś ca kaścit | anye nārurukṣavaḥ | na cārūḍhāḥ | tān apekṣyārurukṣor ārūḍhasya ceti viśeṣaṇaṃ vibhāga-karaṇaṃ copapadyata eveti cet, na | tasyaiveti vacanāt | punar yoga-grahaṇāc ca yogārūḍhasyeti | ya āsīt pūrvaṃ yogam ārurukṣus tasyaivārūḍhasya śama eva kartavyaḥ | kāraṇaṃ yoga-phalaṃ pratyucyateti | ato na yāvaj-jīvaṃ kartavyatva-prāptiḥ kasyacid api karmaṇaḥ | yoga-vibhraṣṭa-vacanāc ca |

gṛhasthasya cet karmiṇo yogo vihitaḥ ṣaṣṭhe’dhyāye, sa yoga-vibhraṣṭo’pi karma-gatiṃ karma-phalaṃ prāpnotīti tasya nāśāśaṅkānupapannā syāt | avaśyaṃ hi kṛtaṃ karma kāmyaṃ nityaṃ vā mokṣasya nityatvād anārabhyatve svaṃ phalam ārabhata eva | nityasya ca karmaṇo veda-pramāṇāvabuddhatvāt phalena bhavitavyam ity avocāma | anyathā vedasyānarthārthatva-prasaṅgād iti |

na ca karmaṇi saty ubhaya-vibhraṣṭa-vacanam arthavat | karmaṇo vibhraṃśa-kāraṇānupapatteḥ | karma kṛtam īśvare saṃnyasyety ataḥ kartari karma phalaṃ nārabhateti cen, na | īśvare saṃnyāsasyādhikatara-phala-hetutvopapatteḥ | mokṣāyaiveti cet, sva-karmaṇāṃ kṛtānām īśvare nyāso mokṣāyaiva, na phalāntarāya yoga-sahitaḥ |

yogāc ca vibhraṣṭa ity atas taṃ prati nāśa-śaṅkā yuktaiveti cet, na | ekākī yata-cittātmā nirāśīr aparigrahaḥ [gītā 6.10] brahmacāri-vrate sthitaḥ [gītā 6.14] iti karma-saṃnyāsa-vidhānāt | na cātra gṛhasthasya nirāśīr aparigrahaḥ ity ādi-vacanam anukūlam | ubhaya-vibhraṣṭa-praśnānupapatteś ca |

anāśrita ity anena karmiṇa eva saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ coktam, pratiṣiddhaṃ ca niragneḥ akriyasya ca saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ ceti cet, na | dhyāna-yogaṃ prati bahiraṅgasya sataḥ karmaṇaḥ phalākāṅkṣā-saṃnyāsa-stuti-paratvāt |

na kevalaṃ niragnir akriya eva saṃnyāsī yogī ca | kiṃ tarhi ? karmy api, karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ saṃnyasya karma-yogam anutiṣṭhan sattva-śuddhy-arthaṃ, sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca bhavatīti stūyate | na caikena vākyena karma-phalāsaṅga-saṃnyāsa-stutiś caturthāśrama-pratiṣedhaś copapadyate | na ca prasiddhaṃ niragner akriyasya paramārtha-saṃnyāsinaḥ śruti-smṛti-purāṇetihāsa-yoga-śāstreṣu vihitaṃ saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ ca pratiṣedhati bhagavān | sva-vacana-virodhāc ca—sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasya… naiva kurvan na kārayan āste [gītā 5.13] maunī saṃtuṣṭo yena kenacit… aniketaḥ sthira-matiḥ [gītā 12.19] vihāya kāmān yaḥ sarvān pumāṃś carati niḥspṛhaḥ [gītā 2.71] sarvārambha-parityāgī [gītā 12.16] iti ca tatra tatra bhagavatā sva-vacanāni darśitāni | tair virudhyetaś caturthāśrama-pratiṣedhaḥ | tasmān muner yogam ārurukṣoḥ pratipanna-gārhasthyasyāgnihotrādi-karma phala-nirapekṣam anuṣṭhīyamānaṃ dhyāna-yogārohaṇa-sādhanatvaṃ sattva-śuddhi-dvāreṇa pratipadyata iti sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ceti stūyate—

Śrīdhara

citte śuddhe ‚pi na dhyānaṃ vinā saṃnyāsa-mātrataḥ |
muktiḥ syād iti ṣaṣṭhe ‚smin dhyāna-yogo vitanvate ||

Madhusūdana

yoga-sūtraṃ tribhiḥ ślokaiḥ pañcamānte yad īritam |
ṣaṣṭhas tv ārabhyate ‚dhyāyas tad-vyākhyānāya vistarāt ||

Viśvanātha

ṣaṣṭheṣu yogino yoga-prakāra-vijitātmanaḥ |
manasaś cañcalasyāpi naiścalyopāya ucyate ||

Baladeva

ṣaṣṭhe yoga-vidhiḥ karma-śuddhasya vijitātmanaḥ |
sthairyopāyaś ca manaso ‚sthirasyāpīti kīrtyate ||