BhG 6.2

syntax

he pāṇḍava (O son of Pāṇḍu!),
yam saṁnyāsam iti (that which a renunciation) prāhuḥ (they declared),
tam yogam (that yoga) viddhi (you must know),
asaṁnyasta-saṅkalpaḥ (who did not renounce desires) kaścana (no) yogī (yogī) na hi bhavati (does not become indeed).

grammar

yam	–	yat sn. 2n.1 m. – that which;
saṁnyāsam	–	saṁnyāsa 2n.1 m. – laying aside, resignation, renunciation (from: sam-ni-√as – to lay aside, to renounce, to give up);
iti	–	av. – thus (used to close the quotation);
prāhuḥ	–	pra-√ah (to declare) Perf. P 1v.3 – they declared (inflected only in Perf., other forms from: √brū);
yogam	–	yoga 2n.1 m. – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy (from:√yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage);
tam	–	tat sn. 2n.1 m. – that;
viddhi	–	√vid (to know, to understand) Imperat. P 2v.1 – you must know;
pāṇḍava	–	pāṇḍava 8n.1 m. – O son of Pāṇḍu (from: pāṇḍu – white, pale);
na	–	av. – not;
hi	–	av. – because, just, indeed, surely;
asaṁnyasta-saṁkalpaḥ	–	a-saṁnyasta-saṁkalpa 1n.1 m.; yena saṁnyastaḥ saṁkalpo nāsti saḥ – by whom desire is not renounced (from: sam-ni-√as – to lay aside, to renounce, to give up, PP saṁnyasta – laid aside, renounced; sam-√kḷp – to be ready, to wish, saṁkalpa – idea, desire);
yogī	–	yogin 1n.1 m. – a yogī, engaged (√yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy);
bhavati	–	√bhū (to be) Praes. P 1v.1 – he becomes;
kaś-cana	–	kim-cana sn. 1n.1 m. – someone (from: kim – what?; -cana – indefinitive particle);

textual variants

saṁnyāsam iti → sannyāsa iti (it is a rennunciation);
hi asaṁnyasta-saṅkalpo → hi asaṁnaddha-saṅkalpo (whose desires are not bound);
yogī bhavati kaś-cana → yogo bhavati duḥkhahā (yoga is a distress);

Śāṃkara

nanu ca niragneḥ akriyasyaiva śruti-smṛti-yoga-śāstreṣu saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ ca prasiddham | katham iha sāgneḥ sa-kriyasya ca saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ cāprasiddham ucyata iti | naiṣa doṣaḥ, kayācid guṇa-vṛttyā ubhayasya saṃpipādayiṣitatvāt | tat kathaṃ ? karma-phala-saṃkalpa-saṃnyāsāt saṃnyāsitvam, yogāṅgatvena ca karmānuṣṭhānāt karma-phala-saṃkalpasya ca citta-vikṣepa-hetoḥ parityāgād yogitvaṃ ceti gauṇam ubhayam | na punar mukhyaṃ saṃnyāsitvaṃ yogitvaṃ cābhipretam ity etam arthaṃ darśayitum āha—

yaṃ sarva-karma-tat-phala-parityāga-lakṣaṇaṃ paramārtha-saṃnyāsaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhuḥ śruti-smṛti-vidaḥ, yogaṃ karmānuṣṭhāna-lakṣaṇaṃ taṃ paramārtha-saṃnyāsaṃ viddhi jānīhi he pāṇḍāva | karma-yogasya pravṛtti-lakṣaṇasya tad-viparītena nivṛtti-lakṣaṇena paramārtha-saṃnyāsena kīdṛśaṃ sāmānyam aṅgīkṛtya tad-bhāva ucyate ity apekṣāyām idam ucyate—asti hi paramārtha-saṃnyāsena sādṛśyaṃ kartṛ-dvārakaṃ karma-yogasya | yo hi paramārtha-saṃnyāsī sa tyakta-sarva-karma-sādhanatayā sarva-karma-tat-phala-viṣayaṃ saṃkalpaṃ pravṛtti-hetu-kāma-kāraṇaṃ saṃnyasyati | ayam api karma-yogī karma kurvāṇa eva phala-viṣayaṃ saṃkalpaṃ saṃnyasyatīti | etam arthaṃ darśayiṣyann āha—na hi yasmād asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpo’saṃnyasto’parityaktaḥ saṅkalpo’bhisandhir yena so’saṃnyasta-saṅkalpaḥ kaścana kaścid api karmī yogī samādhānavān bhavati | na saṃbhavatīty arthaḥ | phala-saṃkalpasya citta-vikṣepa-hetutvāt | tasmād yaḥ kaścana karmī saṃnyasta-phala-saṃkalpo bhavet sa yogī samādhānavān avikṣipta-citto bhavet | citta-vikṣepa-hetoḥ phala-saṃkalpasya saṃnyastatvād ity abhiprāyaḥ | yogāṅgatvena karmānuṣṭhānāt karma-phala-saṅkalpasya vā citta-vikṣepa-hetoḥ parityāgāt yogitvaṃ ceti saṃnyāsitvaṃ cety abhipretam ucyate

Rāmānuja

uktalakṣaṇakarmayoge jñānam apy astīty āha

yaṃ saṃnyāsa iti jñānayoga iti, ātmayāthātmyajñānam iti prāhuḥ, taṃ karmayogam eva viddhi / tad upapādayati na hy asaṃnyastasaṃkalpo yogī bhavati kaścana / ātmayāthātmyānusandhānena anātmani prakṛtau ātmasaṅkalpaḥ saṃnyastaḥ parityakto yena sa saṃnyastasaṅkalpaḥ; anevaṃbhūtaḥ asaṃnyastasaṅkalpaḥ / na hy ukteṣu karmayogiṣv anevaṃbhūtaḥ kaścana karmayogī bhavati; „yasya sarve samārambhāḥ kāmasaṅkalpavarjitāḥ” iti hy uktam

Śrīdhara

kuta ity apekṣāyāṃ karma-yogasyaiva saṃnyāsatvaṃ pratipādayann āha yam iti | saṃnyāsam iti prāhuḥ prakarṣeṇa śreṣṭhatvenāhuḥ | nyāsa evāty arecayat ity ādi śruteḥ | kevalāt phala-saṃnyasanād dhetor yogam eva taṃ jānīhi | kuta ity apekṣāyām iti śabdokto hetur yoge ‚py astīty āha na hīti | na saṃnyastaḥ phala-saṃkalpo yena sa karma-niṣṭho jñāna-niṣṭho vā kaścid api na hi yogī bhavati | ataḥ phala-saṅkalpa-tyāga-sāmyāt saṃnyāsī ca phala-saṅkalpa-tyāgād eva citta-vikṣepābhāvād yogī ca bhavaty eva sa ity arthaḥ

Madhusūdana

asaṃnyāse ‚pi saṃnyāsa-śabda-prayoge nimitta-bhūtaṃ guṇa-yogaṃ darśayitum āha yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti | yaṃ sarva-karma-tat-phala-parityāgaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhuḥ śrutayaḥ nyāsa evāty arecayat, brāhmaṇāḥ puatraiṣaṇāyāś ca vittaiṣaṇāyāś ca lokaiṣaṇāyāś ca vyutthāyātha bhikṣā-caryaṃ caranti ity ādyāḥ | yogaṃ phala-tṛṣṇā-kartṛtvābhimānayoḥ parityāgena vihita-karmānuṣṭhānaṃ taṃ saṃnyāsaṃ viddhi he pāṇḍava | abrahma-dattaṃ brahma-dattam ity āha taṃ vayaṃ manyāmahe brahma-datta-sadṛśo ‚yam iti nyāyāt para-śabdaḥ paratra prayujyamānaḥ sādṛśyaṃ bodhayati gauṇyā vṛttyā tad-bhāvāropeṇa vā | prakṛte tu kiṃ sādṛśyam ? iti tad āha nahīti | hi yasmād asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpo ‚tyakta-phala-saṅkalpaḥ kaścana kaścid api yogī na bhavati | api tu sarvo yogī tyakta-phala-saṅkalpa eva bhavatīti phala-tyāga-sāmyāt tṛṣṇā-rūpa-vitta-vṛtti-nirodha-sāmyāc ca gauṇyā vṛttyā karmy eva saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca bhavatīty arthaḥ | tathā hi – yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-nidrā-smṛtaya [YogaS 1.6] iti vṛttayaḥ pañca-vidhāḥ | tatra pratyakṣānumāna-śāstropamānārthāpatty-abhāvākhyāni pramāṇāni ṣaḍ iti vaidikāḥ | pratyakṣānumānāgamāḥ pramāṇāni [YogaS 1.7] trīṇīti yogāḥ | antarbhāva-bahir-bhāvābhyāṃ saṅkoca-vikāsau draṣṭavyau | ataeva tārkikādīnāṃ mata-bhedāḥ | viparyayo mithyā-jñānam tasya pañca bhedā avidyāsmitā-rāga-dveṣābhiniveśaḥ [YogaS 2.3] ta eva ca kleśāḥ | śabda-jñānānupātī vastu-śūnyo vikalpaḥ [YogaS 1.9] pramā-bhrama-vilakṣaṇo ‚sad-artha-vyavahāraḥ śaśa-viṣāṇam asat-puruṣasya catanyam ity ādiḥ | abhāva-pratyayālambanā vṛttir nidrā [YogaS 1.10] na tu jñānādy-abhāva-mātram ity arthaḥ | anubhūta-viṣayāsaṃpramoṣaḥ smṛtiḥ [YogaS 1.11] pūrvānubhava-saṃskārajaṃ jñānam ity arthaḥ | sarva-vṛtti-janyatvād ante kathanam | lajjādi-vṛttīnām api āñcasv evāntarbhāvo draṣṭavyaḥ | etādṛśāṃ sarvāsāṃ citta-vṛttīnāṃ norodho yoga iti ca samādhir iti ca kathyate | phala-saṅkalpas tu rāgākhyas tṛtīyo viparyaya-bhedas tan-nirodha-mātram api gauṇyā vṛttyā yoga iti saṃnyāsa iti cocyata iti na virodhaḥ

Viśvanātha

karma-phala-tyāga eva saṃnyāsa-śabdārthaḥ | vastutas tathā viṣayebhyaś citta-naiścalyam eva yoga-śabdārthaḥ | tasmāt saṃnyāsa-yoga-śabdayor aikyārtham evāgatam ity āha yam iti | asaṃnyasto na saṃnyastas tyaktaḥ saṅkalpaḥ phalākāṅkṣā viṣaya-bhoga-spṛhā yena saḥ

Baladeva

nanu sarvendriya-vṛtti-virati-rūpāyāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ saṃnyāsa-śabdaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhe yoga-śabdaś ca paṭhyate | sa ca sarvendriya-vyāpārātmake karma-yoge sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ceti bruvatā bhavatā kayā vṛttyā nīyata iti cet tatrāha yam iti | yaṃ karma-yogam artha-tātparya-jñāḥ saṃnyāsṃ prāhus tam eva taṃ yogam aṣṭāṅgaṃ viddhi | he pāṇḍava !

nanu siṃho mānavakaḥ ity ādau śauryādi-guṇa-sādṛśyena tathā prayogaḥ | prakṛteḥ kiṃ sādṛśyam iti cet tatrāha na hīti | asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpaḥ kaścana kaścid jñāna-yogy aṣṭāṅga-yogī ca na bhavaty api tu saṃnyasta-saṃkalpa eva bhavatīty arthaḥ | saṃnyastaḥ parityaktaḥ saṅkalpaḥ phalecchā ca yena saḥ | tathā phala-tyāga-sādṛśyāt tṛṣṇā-rūpa-citta-vṛtti-nirodha-sādṛśyāc ca karma-yoginas tad-ubhayatvena prayogo gauṇa-vṛttyeti