BhG 7.20

kāmais tais tair hṛta-jñānāḥ prapadyante nya-devatāḥ
taṃ taṃ niyamam āsthāya prakṛtyā niyatāḥ svayā

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syntax


taiḥ taiḥ (by this and this respectively) kāmaiḥ (by desires) hṛta-jñānāḥ (those whose knowledge is stolen)
tam tam (this and this respectively) niyamam (restrain) āsthāya (they resort to)
svayā prakṛtyā (by own nature) niyatāḥ (restrained)
anya-devatāḥ (to other divinities) prapadyante (they surrender).

 

grammar

kāmaiḥ kāma 3n.3 m.by wishes, desires, pleasures (from: kam – to wish, to love, to long for);
taiḥ taiḥ tat sn. 3n.3 m.by this and by this, by respective (distributive use);
hṛta-jñānāḥ hṛta-jñāna 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ jñānam hṛtaṁ asti tethose hose knowledge is stolen (from: hṛ to carry away, PP hṛta – carried away, stolen; jñā – to know, to understand, jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, intelligence);
prapadyante pra-pad (to surrender) Praes. Ā 1v.3 they surrender, they take shelter of;
anya-devatāḥ anya-devatā 2n.3 f.; KD: anyā devatā itiother divinities (from: anya – other; div – to shine, to play, deva – god, divinity, devatā – divinities);
tam tam tat sn. 2n.1 m.this and that, respective (distributive use);
niyamam niyama 2n.1 m.restrain, control, rule, vow (from: ni-yam – to restrain, to control);
āsthāya ā-sthā (to resort to, to go towards) absol.after resorting to;
prakṛtyā prakṛti 3n.1 f.by nature, primary substance, original cause (from: pra-kṛ – to produce);
niyatāḥ niyata (ni-yam – to restrain, to control) PP 1n.3 m.those restrained;
svayā sva sn. 3n.1 f.by own;

 

textual variants


kāmais tais tair tais tair kāmair (by respective desires);
niyatāḥ → niyataḥ / niyatā (controlled / controlled);
svayā → svayaṁ / tvayā (on one’s own / by you);
 
 



Śāṃkara


ātmaiva sarvṃ vāsudeva ity evam apratipattau kāraṇam ucyate—

kāmais tais taiḥ putra-paśu-svargādi-viṣayair hṛta-jñānāḥ apahṛta-viveka-vijñānāḥ prapadyante’nya-devatāḥ prāpnuvanti vāsudevād ātmano’nyā devatāḥ | taṃ taṃ niyamaṃ devatārādhane prasiddho yo yo niyamas taṃ tam āsthāya āśritya prakṛtyā svabhāvena janmāntarārjita-saṃskāra-viśeṣeṇa niyatāḥ niyamitāḥ svayātmīyayā

 

Rāmānuja


tasya jñānino durlabhatvam evopapādayati

sarva eva hi laukikāḥ puruṣāḥ svayā prakṛtyā pāpavāsanayā guṇamayabhāvaviṣayayā niyatāḥ nityānvitāḥ tais taiḥ svavāsanānurūpair guṇamayair eva kāmaiḥ icchāviṣayabhūtaiḥ hṛtamatsvarūpaviṣayajñānāḥ tattatkāmasiddhyartham anyadevatāḥ madvyatiriktāḥ kevalendrādidevatāḥ taṃ taṃ niyamaṃ āsthāya tattaddevatāviśeṣamātraprīṇanāsādhāraṇaṃ niyamam āsthyāya prapadyante tā evāśrityārcayante

 

Śrīdhara


tad evaṃ kāmino ‚pi santaḥ kāma-prāptaye parameśvaram eva ye bhajanti te kāmān prāpya śanair mucyanta ity uktam | ye tv atyantaṃ rājasās tāmasāś ca kāmābhibhūtāḥ kṣudra-devatāḥ sevante te saṃsarantīty āha kāmair iti caturbhiḥ | ye tu tais taiḥ putra-kīrti-śatru-jayādi-viṣayaiḥ kāmair apahṛta-vivekā santo ‚nyāḥ kṣudrā bhūta-preta-yakṣādyā devatā bhajanti | kiṃ kṛtvā ? tat-tad-devatārādhane yo yo niyama upavāsādi-lakṣaṇas taṃ taṃ niyamaṃ svīkṛtya | tatrāpi svayā svīyayā prakṛtyā pūrvābhyāsa-vāsanayā niyatā vaśīkṛtāḥ santaḥ

 

Madhusūdana


mohana-stambhanākarṣaṇa-vaśīkaraṇa-māraṇoccāṭanādi-viṣayair bhagavat-sevayā labdhum aśakyatvenābhimatais tais taiḥ kṣudraiḥ kāmair abhilāṣair hṛtam apahṛtaṃ bhagavato vāsudevād vimukhīkṛtya tat-tat-phala-dātṛtvābhimata-kṣudra-devatābhimukhyaṃ nītaṃ jñānam antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yeṣāṃ te ‚nya-devatā bhagavato vāsudevād anyāḥ kṣudra-devatās taṃ taṃ niyamaṃ japopavāsa-pradakṣiṇā-namaskārādi-rūpaṃ tat-tad-devatārādhane prasiddhaṃ niyamam āsthāyāśritya prapadyante bhajante tat-tat-kṣudra-phala-prāptīcchayā | kṣudra-devatā-madhye ‚pi kecit kāṃcid eva bhajante svayā prakṛtyā niyatā asādhāraṇayā pūrvābhyāsa-vāsanayā vaśīkṛtā santaḥ

 

Viśvanātha


nanu ārtādayaḥ sa-kāmā api bhagavantaṃ tvāṃ bhajantaḥ kṛtārthā iva ity avagatam | ye tu ārtādayaḥ ārti-hānādi-kāmanayā devatāntaraṃ bhajante | teṣāṃ kā gatir ity apekṣāyām āha kāmair iti caturbhiḥ | hṛta-jñānā iti rogādy-ārti-harāḥ śīghraṃ yathā sūryādayas tathā na viṣṇur iti naṣṭa-buddhayaḥ | prakṛtyeti svayā prakṛtyā niyatā vaśīkṛtāḥ santas teṣāṃ duṣṭā prakṛtir eva mat-prapattau parāṅmukhīti bhāvaḥ

 

Baladeva


tad itthaṃ kāmanayāpi māṃ bhajanto mad-bhakti-mahimnā te vimucyanta ity uktam | ye tu śīghra-sukha-kāmā devatāntara-bhaktās te saṃsaranty evety āha kāmair ity ādibhiś caturbhiḥ | tais tair ārti-vināśādi-viṣayakaiḥ kāmair hṛta-jñānā yathādityādayaḥ śīghram eva roga-vināśādikarās tathā na viṣṇur iti naṣṭa-dhiya ity arthaḥ | taṃ tam asādhāraṇaṃ svayā prakṛtyā vāsanayā niyatā niyantritās teṣāṃ prakṛtir eva tādṛśī yā mat-prapattau vaimukhyaṃ karotīti bhāvaḥ

 
 



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