BhG 10.4-5

buddhir jñānam asaṃmohaḥ kṣamā satyaṃ damaḥ śamaḥ
sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ bhavo ‘bhāvo bhayaṃ cābhayam eva ca
ahiṃsā samatā tuṣṭis tapo dānaṃ yaśo ‘yaśaḥ
bhavanti bhāvā bhūtānāṃ matta eva pṛthag-vidhāḥ

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analysis

syntax

buddhiḥ (intelligence) jñānam (knowledge) asammohaḥ (non-bewilderment) kṣamā (tolerance) satyam (truth) damaḥ (sense-control) śamaḥ (tranquility) sukham duḥkham (happiness and distress) bhavaḥ abhāvaḥ (existence and non-existence) bhayam abhayam ca eva (and certainly fear and fearlessness) ahiṁsā (non-violence) samatā (equanimity) tuṣṭiḥ (satisfaction) tapaḥ (austerity) dānam (charity) yaśaḥ ayaśaḥ (fame and infamy)
bhūtānām (of the creatures) [ete] pṛthag-vidhāḥ (these various kinds) bhāvāḥ (dispositions) mattaḥ eva (just from me) bhavanti (they become).

grammar

buddhiḥ	–	buddhi 1n.1 f. – intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion (from: √budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand);
jñānam	–	jñāna 1n.1 n. – knowledge, wisdom, intelligence (from: √jñā – to know, to understand);
asaṁmohaḥ	–	a-saṁ-moha 1n.1 m. – non-bewilderment (from: sam-√muh – to become confused, bewildered, stupefied, saṁ-moha – bewilderment);
kṣamā	–	kṣamā 1n.1 f. – patience, tolerance, forbearance (from: √kṣam – to forgive, to tolerate);
satyam	–	satya 1n.1 n. – truth, truthfulness (from: √as – to be, PP sant – being, existing, true, the essence);
damaḥ	–	dama 1n.1 m. – taming, sense-control (from: √dam – to tame, to control, to subdue);
śamaḥ	–	śama 1n.1 m. – tranquility, calmness (from: √śam – to calm, to put to an end, to destroy);
sukham	–	sukha 1n.1 n. – pleasure, comfort (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kha – cavity, hole, nave; su-kha – joy, happiness, literally: good hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving smooth; or from: su-√sthā; opposite to: duḥkha – pain, difficulty);
duḥkham	–	duḥkha 1n.1 n. – distress (from: dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; kha – cavity, hole, nave; duḥ-kha – pain, difficulty; literally: bad hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving not smooth; or from: duḥ-√sthā; opposite to: sukha – joy, happiness);
bhavaḥ	–	bhava 1n.1 m. – existence (from: √bhū – to be);
abhāvaḥ	–	a-bhava 1n.1 m. – non-existence (from: √bhū – to be);
bhayam	–	bhaya 1n.1 n. – fear (from: √bhī – to scare);
ca	–	av. – and;
abhayam	–	a-bhaya 1n.1 n. – fearlessness, safety (from: √bhī – to scare);
eva	–	av. – certainly, just, merely;
ca	–	av. – and;

*****

ahiṁsā	–	a-hiṁsā 1n.1 f. – non-violence, harmlessness (from: √hiṁs – to injure, to harm, to kill);
samatā	–	samatā abst. 1n.1 f. – equanimity (from: sama – the same, equal, equivalent);
tuṣṭiḥ	–	tuṣṭi 1n.1 f. – satisfaction (from: √tuṣ – to become calm, to be satisfied, PP tuṣṭa – calm, satisfied, pleased);
tapaḥ	–	tapas 1n.1 n. – heat, austerity (from: √tap – to scorch);
dānam	–	dāna 1n.1 n. – gift, charity (from: √dā – to give);
yaśaḥ	–	yaśas 1n.1 n. – fame, honour, splendour, beauty;
ayaśaḥ	–	a-yaśas 1n.1 n. – infamy, disgrace, dishonour;
bhavanti	–	√bhū (to be) Praes. P 1v.3 – they become;
bhāvāḥ	–	bhāva 1n.3 m. – states, natures, dispositions (from: √bhū – to be);
bhūtānām	–	bhūta (√bhū – to be) PP 6n.3 m. – of creatures (from: bhūta – been, real, world);
mattaḥ	–	av. – from me (from: mat – the basic form of a personal ponoun „I” singular used in compounds; indeclinable ablative with an ending: -tas);
eva	–	av. – certainly, just, merely;
pṛthag-vidhāḥ	–	pṛthag-vidha 1n.3 m. – those of various kinds (from: √pṛth – to extend, av. pṛthak – separately, one by one; vi-√dhā – to divide, vidhā – division, part);

textual variants

buddhir jñānam → buddhi-jñānam (intelligence and knowledge);
damaḥ and śamaḥ change the position;
eva → evaṃ (thus);

commentaries

Śāṃkara

itaś cāhaṃ maheśvaro lokānāṃ—

buddhir antaḥ-karaṇasya sūkṣmādy-arthāvabodhana-sāmarthyam, tadvantaṃ buddhimān iti hi vadanti | jñānam ātmādi-padārthānām avabodhaḥ | asaṃmohaḥ pratyutpanneṣu boddhavyeṣu viveka-pūrvikā pravṛttiḥ | kṣamā ākruṣṭasya tāḍitasya vāvikṛta-cittatā | satyaṃ yathā-dṛṣṭasya yathā-śrutasya cātmānubhavasya para-buddhi-saṃkrāntaye tathaivoucāryamāṇā vāk satyam ucyate | damo bāhyendriyopaśamaḥ | śamo’ntaḥ-karaṇasyopaśamaḥ | sukham āhlādaḥ | duḥkhaṃ santāpaḥ | bhava udbhavaḥ | abhāvas tad-viparyayaḥ | bhayaṃ ca trāsaḥ, abhayam eva ca tad-viparītam

Rāmānuja

evaṃ svasvabhāvānusandhānena bhaktyutpattivirodhipāpanirasanam, virodhinirasanā devārthato bhaktyutpattiṃ ca pratipādya svāiśvaryasvakalyāṇaguṇagaṇaprapañcānusandhānena bhaktivivṛddhiprakāram āha

buddhiḥ manaso nirūpaṇasāmarthyam, jñānam cidacidvastuviśeṣaviṣayo niścayaḥ, asaṃmohaḥ pūrvagṛhītād rajatāder visajātīye śuktikādivastuni sajātīyatābuddhinivṛttiḥ; kṣamā manovikārahetau saty apy avikṛtamanastvam; satyam yathādṛṣṭaviṣayaṃ bhūtahitarūpaṃ vacanam / tadanuguṇā manovṛttir ihābhipretā, manovṛttiprakaraṇāt / damaḥ bāhyakaraṇānām anarthaviṣayebhyo niyamanam; śamaḥ antaḥkaraṇasya tathā niyamanam; sukham ātmānukūlānubhavaḥ; duḥkham pratikūlānubhavaḥ; bhavaḥ bhavanam; anukūlānubhavahetukaṃ manaso bhavanam; abhāvaḥ pratikūlānubhavahetuko manaso ‚vasādaḥ; bhayam āgāmino duḥkhasya hetudarśanajaṃ duḥkham; tannivṛttiḥ abhayam; ahiṃsā paraduḥkhāhetutvam; samatā ātmani sukṛtsu vipakṣeṣu cārthānarthayos samamatitvam; tuṣṭiḥ sarveṣv ātmasu dṛṣṭeṣu toṣasvabhāvatvam; tapaḥ śāstrīyo bhogasaṅkocarūpaḥ kāyakleśaḥ; dānam svakīyabhogyānaṃ parasmai pratipādanam; yaśaḥ guṇavattāprathā; ayaśaḥ nairguṇyaprathā / etac cobhayaṃ tadanuguṇamanovṛttidvayaṃ mantavyam, tatprakaraṇāt / tapodāne ca tathā / evam ādyāḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ bhāvāḥ pravṛttinivṛttihetavo manovṛttayo matta eva matsaṅkalpāyattā bhavanti

Śrīdhara

Madhusūdana

ahiṃsā prāṇināṃ pīḍāyā niviṛttiḥ | samatā cittasya rāga-dveṣādi-rahitāvasthā | tuṣṭir bhogyeṣv etāvatālam iti buddhiḥ | tapaḥ śāstrīya-mārgeṇa kāyendriya-śoṣaṇam | dānaṃ deśe kāle śraddhayā yathā-śakty-arthānāṃ sat-pātre samarpaṇam | yaśo dharma-nimittā loka-ślāghā-rūpā prasiddhiḥ | ayaśas tv adharma-nimittā loka-nindā-rūpā prasiddhiḥ | ete buddhy-ādayo bhāvāḥ kārya-viśeṣāḥ sa-kāraṇakāḥ pṛthag-vidhā dharmādharmādi-sādhana-vaicitryeṇa nānā-vidhā bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ prāṇināṃ mattaḥ parameśvarād eva bhavanti nānyasmāt tasmāt kiṃ vācyaṃ mama loka-maheśvaratvam ity arthaḥ

Viśvanātha

na ca śāstra-jñāḥ sva-buddhy-ādibhir mattatvaṃ jñātuṃ śaknuvanti, yato buddhy-ādīnāṃ sattvādivan-māyā-guṇa-janyatvān matta eva jātānām api guṇātīte mayi nāsti svataḥ praveśayogyatety āha buddhiḥ sūkṣmārtha-niścaya-sāmarthyam | jñānam ātmānātma-vivekaḥ | asaṃmoho vaiyagryābhāvaḥ | ete trayo bhāvā mat-tattva-jñāna-hetutvena sambhāvyamānā iva, na tu hetavaḥ | prasaṅgād anyān api bhāvān lokeṣu dṛṣṭān na svata evodbhūtān āha kṣamā sahiṣṇutvam | satyaṃ yathārtha-bhāṣaṇam | damo bāhyendriya-nigrahaḥ | śamo ‚ntarindriya-nigrahaḥ | ete sāttvikāḥ | sukhaṃ sāttvikam | duḥkhaṃ tāmasam | bhavābhāvau janma-mṛtyu-duḥkha-viśeṣau, bhayaṃ tāmasam abhayaṃ jñānotthaṃ sāttvikam | rājasādy-utthaṃ rājasam | samatātmaupamyena sarvatra sukha-duḥkhādi-darśanam ahiṃsā samate sāttvikyau | tuṣṭiḥ santuṣṭiḥ | sā nirupādhiḥ sāttvikī | sopādhis tu rājasī | tapo-dāne ‚pi sopādhi-nirupāditvābhyāṃ sāttvika-rājase, yaśo ‚yaśasy api tathā | matta iti ete man-māyāto bhavanto ‚pi śakti-śaktimator aikyāt matta eva

Baladeva

translations

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