BhG 12.1

arjuna uvāca
evaṃ satata-yuktā ye bhaktās tvāṃ paryupāsate
ye cāpy akṣaram avyaktaṃ teṣāṃ ke yoga-vittamāḥ

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syntax


arjunaḥ (Arjuna) uvāca (he spoke):
evam (thus) ye satata-yuktāḥ (those who are constantly engaged) bhaktāḥ (devotees) tvām (you) paryupāsate (they worship),
ye ca api (and those who) avyaktam (unmanifested) akṣaram (imperishable) [paryupāsate] (they worship),
teṣām (of them) ke (who?) yoga-vittamāḥ (the best of knowers of yoga) [santi] (they are).

 

grammar

arjunaḥ arjuna 1n.1 m.white, clear, Arjuna;
uvāca vac (to speak) Perf. P 1v.1he spoke;
evam av.thus;
satata-yuktāḥ satata-yukta 1n.3 m.constantly engaged (from: sa-tata – constant, uninterrupted, av. – constantly; yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, PP yukta – yoked, endowed with);
ye yat sn. 1n.3 m.those who;
bhaktāḥ bhakta (bhaj – to share, to love, to rejoice, to worship) PP 1n.3 m.distributed, divided, loved; worshippers, devotees;
tvām yuṣmat sn. 2n.1you;
paryupāsate pari-upa-ās (to worship, to attend upon) Praes. Ā 1v.3they worship, they attend;
ye yat sn. 1n.3 m.those who;
ca av.and;
api av.although, moreover, besides, even;
akṣaram a-kṣara 2n.1 n. imperishable, a syllable (from: kṣar – to flow, to perish, kṣara – perishable);
avyaktam a-vyakta (vi-añj – to decorate, to make visible) PP 2n.1 n.unmanifested, invisible;
teṣām tat sn. 6n.3 m. of those;
ke kim sn. 1n.3 m. who and who?;
yoga-vittamāḥ yoga-vittama 1n.3 m.; ye yogaṁ viduḥ tethe best of knowers of yoga (from: yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, yoga – yoga, yoking, application, a means, one of the schools of Hindu philosophy; vid – to know, to understand, -vit – suffix: who knows; vittama – superlative of: vit – vit-tara, vit-tama);

 

textual variants


bhaktās → bhaktyā (with devotion);
cāpy akṣaramcāpy kṣaram (and just imperishable);
teṣāṁ ke yoga-vittamāḥ → teṣāṁ ke yoga-vittamaḥ / teṣāṁ ke yuktatamāḥ (fo them who are the best / of them who are the most engaged);
 
 



Śāṃkara


evam ity atītānantara-lokena uktam arthaṃ parāmṛśati mat-karma-kṛd ity ādinā | evaṃ satata-yuktāḥ, nairantaryeṇa bhagavat-karmādau yathokte’rthe samāhitāḥ santaḥ pravṛttā ity arthaḥ | ye bhaktā ananya-śaraṇāḥ santas tvāṃ yathā-darśitaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ paryupāsate dhyāyanti | ye cānye’pi tyakta-sarveṣaṇāḥ saṃnyasta-sarva-karmāṇo yathā-viśeṣitaṃ brahmākṣaraṃ nirasta-sarvopādhitvād avyaktam akaraṇa-gocaram | yad dhi karaṇa-gocaraṃ tad vyaktam ucyate, añjer dhātos tat-karmakatvāt | idaṃ tv akṣaraṃ tad-viparītam, śiṣṭau ca ucyamānair viśeṣaṇair viśiṣṭam, tad ye cāpi paryupāsate, teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye ke yogi-vittamāḥ ? ke’tiśayena yoga-vida ity arthaḥ
 

Rāmānuja


evam „matkarmakṛt” ityādinoktena prakāreṇa, satatayuktāḥ bhagavantaṃ tvām eva paraṃ prāpyaṃ manvānāḥ ye bhaktāḥ, tvām sakalavibhūtiyuktam anavadhikātiśayasaundaryasauśīlyasārvajñyasatyasaṃkalpatvādyanantaguṇasāgaraṃ paripūrṇam upāsate, ye cāpy akṣaraṃ pratyagātmasvarūpam tad eva ca avyaktaṃ cakṣurādikaraṇānabhivyaktasvarūpam upāsate; teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ ke yogavittamāḥ ke svasādhyaṃ prati śīghragāmina ityarthaḥ, „bhavāmi na cirāt pārtha” iti uttaratra yogavittamatvaṃ śaighryaviṣayam iti hi vyañjayiṣyate
 

Śrīdhara


pūrvādhyāyānte mat-karma-kṛn mat-parama [Gītā 11.55] ity evaṃ bhakti-niṣṭhasya śreṣṭhatvam uktam | kaunteya pratijānīhīty [Gītā 9.31] ādinā ca tatra tatra tasyaiva śreṣṭhatvaṃ nirṇītam | tathā teṣāṃ jñānī nitya-yukta eka-bhaktir viśiṣyata [Gītā 7.17] ity ādinā sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva vṛjinaṃ santariṣyasi [Gītā 4.36] ity ādinā ca jñāna-niṣṭhasya śreṣṭhatvam uktam | evam ubhayoḥ śraiṣṭhye ‚pi viśeṣa-jijñāsayā śrī-bhagavantaṃ praty arjuna uvāca evam iti | evaṃ sarva-karmārpaṇādinā satata-yuktās tvan-niṣṭhāḥ santo ye bhaktās tvāṃ viśva-rūpaṃ sarvajñaṃ sarva-śaktiṃ paryupāsate dhyāyanti | ye cāpy akṣaraṃ brahmāvyaktaṃ nirviśeṣam upāsate | teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye ke ‚tiśayena yoga-vido ‚tiśreṣṭhā ity arthaḥ
 

Madhusūdana


evaṃ mat-karma-kṛd [Gītā 11.55] ity-ādy-anantarokta-prakāreṇa satata-yuktā nairantaryeṇa bhagavat-karmādau sāvadhānatayā pravṛttā bhaktāḥ sākāra-vastv-eka-śaraṇāḥ santas tvām evaṃ-vidhaṃ sākāraṃ ye paryupāsate satataṃ cintayanti | ye cāpi sarvato viraktās tyakta-sarva-karmāṇo ‚kṣaraṃ na kṣaraty aśnute vety akṣaram etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanty asthūlam anaṇv ahrasvam adīrgham [BAU 3.8.9] ity ādi-śruti-pratiṣiddha-sarvopādhi nirguṇaṃ brahma | ataevāvyaktaṃ sarva-karaṇāgocaraṃ nirākāraṃ tvāṃ paryupāsate teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye ke yoga-vittamāḥ atiśayena yoga-vidaḥ | yogaṃ samādhiṃ vindanti vidantīti vā yoga-vida ubhaye ‚pi | teṣāṃ madhye ke śreṣṭhā yoginaḥ keṣāṃ jñānaṃ mayānusaraṇīyam ity arthaḥ
 

Viśvanātha


bhakti-prakaraṇasyopakrame –
yoginām api sarveṣāṃ mad-gatenāntarātmanā |
śraddhāvān bhajate yo māṃ sa me yuktatamo mataḥ || [Gītā 6.47]
iti bhakteḥ sarvotkarṣo yathā śruteḥ | tathaivopasaṃhāre ‚pi tasyā evaṃ sarvotkarṣaṃ śrotu-kāmaḥ pṛcchati | evaṃ satata-yuktā mat-karma-kṛn mat-paramaḥ [Gītā 11.55] iti tvad-ukta-lakṣaṇā bhaktās tvāṃ śyāmasundarākāraṃ ye ca avyaktaṃ nirviśeṣam akṣaraṃ etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanty asthūlam anaṇv ahrasvam [BAU 3.8.9] ity ādi-śruty-uktaṃ brahma upāsate | teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ yoga-vidāṃ madhye ke ‚tiśayena yogavidaś ca tva-prāntau śreṣṭham upāyaṃ jānanti na labhante vā | te yoga-vittarā iti vaktavye yoga-vittamā ity uktir yoga-vittarāṇām api bahūnāṃ madhye ke yogavittamā ity arthaṃ bodhayati
 

Baladeva


jīvātmānaṃ yathāvaj jñātvā vijñāya ca tad-aṃśī harir dhyeya iti avināśi tu tad viddhi [Gītā 2.17] ity ādibhir dvitīyādiṣv ekaḥ panthā varṇitaḥ | jīvātmānaṃ harer aṃśaṃ jñātvaiva tad-aṃśī haris tac-chravaṇādi-bhaktibhir dhyeya iti mayy āsakta-manāḥ pārtha [Gītā 7.1] ity ādibhiḥ saptamādiṣu dvitīya-panthāḥ pradarśitaḥ | teṣv eva prayāṇa-kāle [Gītā 8.10] ity ādinā yogopasṛṣṭā | jñāna-yajñena cāpy anye [Gītā 9.15] ity anena jñānopasṛṣṭā ca bhaktir uktā | bhakti-ṣaṭkāt prāk ṣaṣṭhānte kevalāṃ bhaktim upadekṣyatā yoginām api sarveṣāṃ [Gītā 6.47] ity ādi-padyena svaikāntinām yuktatamatāṃ cābhihitā | tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati evam iti | evaṃ mayy āsakta-manāḥ pārtha [Gītā 7.1] ity ādi-tvad-ukta-vidhayā satata-yuktā ye tvāṃ śyāmasundaraṃ kṛṣṇaṃ paritaḥ kāyādi-vyāpārair upāsate, ye cākṣaraṃ jīva-svarūpaṃ cakṣur-ādibhir avyaktaṃ paryupāsate dhāraṇādhyāna-samādhibhiḥ sākṣāt-kartum īhante paramātma-kāmās teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye yoga-vittamāḥ śīghropāyinaḥ ke bhavanti ? ayaṃ bhāvaḥ | svānubhava-pūrvakasya hari-dhyānasya bandha-mūlatvāt tena nirvighnā tat-prāptir ity eke | nīrūpasyātisūkṣmasya jīvātmano durdhyānatvāt kiṃ tad-dhyānena ? kintu hari-bhaktir eva sarva-vighna-vimardinī hari-prāpaṇīty eke | tasyām eva niratās teṣām ubhayeṣām upāyeṣu kaḥ śreyān upāya iti taṃ bhaṇeti
 
 



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