BhG 12.3-4

ye tv akṣaram anirdeśyam avyaktaṃ paryupāsate
sarvatra-gam acintyaṃ ca kūṭa-stham acalaṃ dhruvam
saṃniyamyendriya-grāmaṃ sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ
te prāpnuvanti mām eva sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ

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analysis

syntax

ye tu (but those who) indriya-grāmam saṁniyamya (after restraining all of the senses)
sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ (those whose intelligence is equal everywhere)
sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ (who rejoice in the welfare of all beings)
acintyam (inconceivable) anirdeśyam (indescribable) sarvatra-gam (everywhere going) kūṭa-stham (situated on top) acalam (motionless) dhruvam (fixed) avyaktam (invisible) akṣaram ca (and imperishable) paryupāsate (they worship),
te (they) mām eva (just me) prāpnuvanti (they obtain).

grammar

ye	–	yat sn. 1n.3 m. – those who;
tu	–	av. – but, then, or, and;
akṣaram	–	a-kṣara 2n.1 n. – imperishable, a syllable (from: √kṣar – to flow, to perish, kṣara – perishable);
anirdeśyam	–	a-nirdeśya (nir-√diś – to point out, to name) PF 2n.1 n. – not to be pointed out, indescribable;
avyaktam	–	a-vyakta (vi-√añj – to decorate, to make visible) PP 2n.1 m. – unnmanifested, invisible;
paryupāsate	–	pari-upa-√ās (to worship, to attend upon) Praes. Ā 1v.3 – they worship, they attend;
sarvatra-gam	–	sarvatra-gam 1n.1 m.; yat sarvatra gacchati tat – going everywhere (from: sarva – all; av. – everywhere, in every case; indeclinable locative with an ending –tra; √gam – to go, -ga – suffix: moving, going);
acintyam	–	a-cintya (√cint – to think, to consider) PF 2n.1 n. – not to be thought about, inconceivable;
ca	–	av. – and;
kūṭa-stham	–	kūṭa-stha 2n.1 n.; yat kūṭe tiṣṭhati tat – situated on top (from: kūṭa – summit, peak, heap; √sthā – to stand, stha – suffix: being in);
acalam	–	a-cala 2n.1 n. – motionless (from: √cal – to move, to shake, cala – moving, shaking);
dhruvam	–	dhruva 2n.1 n. – certain, fixed (from: √dhṛ – to hold or √dhru – to be firm);

*****

saṁniyamya	–	sam-ni-√yam (to restrain) absol. – after restraining;
indriya-grāmam	–	indriya-grāma 2n.1 m.; TP: indriyāṇāṁ grāmam iti – groups of the senses (from: √ind – to be powerful, indriya – the senses; grāma – collection, multitude, village);
sarvatra	–	av. – everywhere, in every case (from: sarva – all; indeclinable locative with an ending –tra);
sama-buddhayaḥ	–	sama-buddhi 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ buddhiḥ samāsti te – whose intelligence is equal (from: sama – the same, equal, equivalent; √budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand, buddhi – intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion);
te	–	tat sn. 1n.3 m. – they;
prāpnuvanti	–	pra-√āp (to obtain) Praes. P 1v.3 – they obtain;
mām	–	asmat sn. 2n.1 – me;
eva	–	av. – certainly, just, merely;
sarva-bhūta-hite	–	sarva-bhūta-hita 7n.1 m.; TP: sarveṣāṁ bhūtānāṁ hita iti – in the welfare of all creatures (from: sarva – all, whole; √bhū – to be, PP bhūta – been, real, world; √dhā – to put, PP hita – set, beneficial, useful, friendly);
ratāḥ	–	rata (√ram – to play, to rejoice) PP 1n.3 m. – who are pleased, who rejoice (requires locative);

textual variants

paryupāsate → mām upāsate (me they worship);

The fourth pada of verse 12.4 is the same as the fourth pada of verse BhG 5.25;

commentaries

Śāṃkara

kim itare yuktatamā na bhavanti ? na | kiṃtu tān prati yad vaktavyam, tac chṛṇu—
ye tv akṣaram anirdeśyam, avyaktatvād aśabda-gocareti na nirdeṣṭuṃ śakyate, ato’nirdeśyam | avyaktaṃ na kenāpi pramāṇena vyajyata ity avyaktaṃ paryupāsate pari samantād upāsate | upāsanaṃ nāma yathā-śāstram upāsyasyārthasya viṣayī-karaṇena sāmīpyam upagamya taila-dhārāvat samāna-pratyaya-pravāheṇa dīrgha-kālaṃ yad āsanam, tad upāsanam ācakṣate | akṣarasya viśeṣaṇam āha—sarvatra-gaṃ vyomavad vyāpy acintyaṃ cāvyaktatvād acintyam | yad dhi karaṇa-gocaram, tan manasāpi cintyam, tad-viparītatvād acintyam akṣaram, kūṭa-sthaṃ dṛśyamāna-guṇam antar-doṣaṃ vastu kūṭam | kūṭa-rūpaṃ kūṭa-sākṣyam ity ādau kūṭa-śabdaḥ prasiddho loke | tathā cāvidyādy-aneka-saṃsāra-bījam antar-doṣavan māyā-vyākṛtādi-śabda-vācyatayā māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaraṃ [śāstrvetuttaṃ 4.10], mama māyā duratyayā [gītā 7.14] ity ādau prasiddhaṃ yat tat kūṭam, tasmin kūṭe sthitaṃ kūṭa-sthaṃ tad-adhyakṣatayā | athavā, rāśir iva sthitaṃ kūṭa-stham ata evācalam | yasmād acalam, tasmād dhruvam, nityam ity arthaḥ ||12.3||
saṃniyamya samyak niyamya upasaṃhṛtya indriya-grāmam indriya-samudāyaṃ sarvatra sarvasmin kāle sama-buddhayaḥ samā tulyā buddhir yeṣām iṣṭāniṣṭa-prāptau te sama-buddhayaḥ | te ye evaṃ-vidhās te prāpnuvanti mām eva sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ | na tu teṣāṃ vaktavyaṃ kiṃcit māṃ te prāpnuvantīti | jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam iti hy uktam | na hi bhagavat-svarūpāṇāṃ satāṃ yuktatamatvam ayuktatamatvaṃ vā vācyam

Rāmānuja

commentary under the verse BhG 12.5

Śrīdhara

Madhusūdana

nirguṇa-brahma-vid-apekṣayā saguṇa-brahma-vidāṃ ko ‚tiśayo yena ta eva yuktatmās tavābhimatā ity apekṣāyāṃ tam atiśayaṃ vaktuṃ tan nirūpakān nirguṇa-brahma-vidaḥ prastauti ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye ‚kṣaram mām upāsate te ‚pi mām eva prāpnuvantīti dvitīya-gatenānvayaḥ | pūrvebhyo vailakṣaṇya-dyotanāya tu-śabdaḥ | akṣaraṃ nirviśeṣaṃ brahma vācaknavī-brāhmaṇe prasiddhaṃ tasya samarpaṇāya sapta viśeṣaṇāni | anirdeśyaṃ śabdena vyapadeṣṭum aśakyaṃ yato ‚vyaktaṃ śabda-pravṛtter nirviśeṣe pravṛtty-ayogāt | kuto jātyādi-rāhityam ata āha sarvatra-gaṃ sarva-vyāpi sarva-kāraṇam | ato jātyādi-śūnyaṃ paricchinnasya kāryasyaiva jātyādi-yoga-darśanāt | ākāśādīnām api kāryatvābhyupagamāc ca | ataevācintyaṃ śabda-vṛtter iva mano-vṛtter api na viṣayaḥ | tasyā api paricchinna-viṣayatvāt | yato vāco nivartante | aprāpya manasā saha iti śruteḥ |
tarhi kathaṃ taṃ tv aupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmi iti | dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā iti ca śrutiḥ | śāstra-yonitvāt iti sūtraṃ ca | ucyate, avidyā-kalpita-sambandhena śabda-janyāyāṃ buddhi-vṛttau caramāyāṃ paramānanda-bodha-rūpe śuddhe vastuni pratibimbite ‚vidyā-tat-kāryayoḥ kalpitayor nivṛtty-upapatter upacāreṇa viṣayatvābhidhānāt | atas tatra kalpitam aivdyā-sambandhaṃ pratipādayitum āha kūṭasthaṃ, yan mithyā-bhūtaṃ satyatayā pratīyate tat-kūṭam iti lokair ucyate | yathā kūṭa-kārṣā-paṇaḥ kūṭa-sākṣitvam ity ādau | ajñānam api māyākhyaṃ saha kārya-prapañcena mithyā-bhūtam api laukikaiḥ satyatayā pratīyamānaṃ kūṭaṃ tasminn ādhyāsikena sambandhenādhiṣṭhānatayā tiṣṭhatīti kūṭastham ajñāna-tat-kāryādhiṣṭhānam ity arthaḥ | etena sarvānupapatti-parihāraḥ kṛtaḥ | ataeva sarva-vikārāṇām avidyā-kalpitatvāt tad-adhiṣṭhānam sākṣi-caitanyaṃ nirvikāram ity āha acalaṃ calanaṃ vikāraḥ | acalatvād eva dhruvam apariṇāmi nityam | etādṛśaṃ śuddhaṃ brahma māṃ paryupāsate śravaṇena pramāṇa-gatām asambhāvanām apohya mananena ca prameya-gatām anantaraṃ viparīta-bhāvanā-nivṛttaye dhyāyanti vijātīya-pratyaya-tiraskāreṇa taila-dhārāvad avicchinna-samāna-pratyaya-tiraskāreṇa taila-dhārāvad avicchinna-samāna-pratyaya-pravāheṇa nididhyāsana-saṃjñakena dhyānena viṣayīkurvantity arthaḥ |
kathaṃ punar viṣayendriya-saṃyoge sati vijātīya-pratyaya-tiraskāro ‚ta āha saṃniyamya sva-viṣayebhya upasaṃhṛtyendriya-grāmaṃ karaṇa-samudāyam | etena śama-damādi-sampattir uktā |
viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanāyāṃ satyāṃ kuta indriyāṇāṃ tato nivṛttis tatrāha sarvatra viṣaye samā tulyā harṣa-viṣādābhyāṃ rāga-dveṣābhyāṃ ca rahitā matir yeṣāṃ samyag-jñānena tat-kāraṇasyājñānasyāpanītatvād viṣayeṣu doṣa-darśanābhyāsena spṛhāyā nirasanāc ca te sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ | etena vaśīkāra-saṃjñā vairāgyam uktam | ataeva sarvatrātma-dṛṣṭyā hiṃsā-kāraṇa-dveṣa-rahitatvāt sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ abhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo mattaḥ svahā iti mantreṇa datta-sarva-bhūtābhaya-dakṣiṇāḥ kṛta-saṃnyāsā iti yāvat abhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo dattvā saṃnyāsam ācaret iti smṛteḥ | evaṃvidhāḥ sarva-sādhana-sampannāḥ santaḥ svayaṃ brahma-bhūtā nirvicikitsena sākṣātkāreṇa sarva-sādhana-phala-bhūtena mām akṣaraṃ brahmaiva te prāpnuvanti | pūrvam api mad-rūpā eva santo ‚vidyā-nivṛttyā mad-rūpā eva tiṣṭhantīty arthaḥ | brahmaiva san brahmāpy eti, brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati ity-ādi-śrutibhyaḥ | ihāpi ca jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam [Gītā 7.14] ity uktam

Viśvanātha

Baladeva

ye tu sva-sākṣāt-kṛti-pūrvikāṃ mad-upāsanāṃ na kurvanti, teṣām api mat-prāptiḥ syād eva kintv atikleśenāticireṇaivāntas tebhyo ‚pakṛṣṭās ta ity āha ye tv iti tribhiḥ | ye tv akṣara-svātma-caitanyam eva pūrvam upāsate | teṣām adhikataraḥ kleśa iti sambandhaḥ | akṣaraṃ viśinaṣṭi anirdeśyaṃ dehād bhinnatvena dehābhidhāyibhir deva-mānavādi-śabdair nirdeṣṭum aśakyam | avyaktaṃ cakṣur-ādy-agocaraṃ pratyak sarvatra-gaṃ dehendriya-prāṇa-vyāpi | acintyaṃ tarkāgamyaṃ śruti-mātra-vedyam jñāna-svarūpam eva jñātṛ-svarūpam acalaṃ jñānatvād api calana-rahitam | dhruvaṃ paramātmaika-śeṣatāyāṃ sarvadā sthiram | akṣaropāsane vidhim āha saṃniyamyeti | karaṇa-grāmaṃ śrotrādīndriya-vṛndaṃ saṃniyamya śabdādi-saṃcārebhyas tad-vyāpārebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtya sarvatra suhṛn-mitrāry-udāsīnādiṣu sama-buddhayas tulya-dṛṣṭayaḥ | yad vā, sarveṣu cetanācetaneṣu vastuṣu sthite same brahmaṇi buddhir yeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ hite upakāre ratāḥ sarveṣāṃ śaṃ bhūyād iti yathāyathaṃ yatamānāḥ evaṃ svātma-sākṣātkṛti-pūrvikāyāṃ mad-bhaktau mad-arpita-karma-lakṣaṇāyāṃ ye pravartante, te ‚pi mām eva pāramaiśvarya-pradhānaṃ prāpunuvantīti nāsti saṃśayaḥ

translations

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