BhG 13.23

syntax

yaḥ (he who) evam (thus) puruṣam (person) guṇaiḥ saha prakṛtim ca (and nature along with the guṇas) vetti (he knows),
sarvathā (by all means) saḥ vartamānaḥ api (he who is moving although), bhūyaḥ (again) na abhijāyate (he is not born).

grammar

yaḥ	–	yat sn. 1n.1 m. – he who;
evam	–	av. – thus;
vetti	–	√vid (to know, to understand) Praes. P 1v.1 – he knows;
puruṣam	–	puruṣa 2n.1 m. – person (from: √pur – to precede, to lead or √pṝ – to fill, to nourish, puru – abundance, pūru – people);
prakṛtim	–	prakṛti 2n.1 f. – nature, primary substance, original cause (from: pra-√kṛ – to produce);
ca	–	av. – and;
guṇaiḥ	–	guṇa 3n.3 m. – by qualities, virtues, threads (from: √grah – to take);
saha	–	av. – along with (postposition, requires instrumental);
sarvathā	–	av. – in every way, by all means, entirely (from: sarva – all, whole);
vartamānaḥ	–	vartamāna (√vṛt – to move, to happen, to act) PPr 1n.1 m. – [while] moving, [while] existing;
api	–	av. – although, moreover, besides, even;
na	–	av. – not;
saḥ	–	tat sn. 1n.1 m. – he;
bhūyaḥ	–	av. – more, again, besides;
abhijāyate	–	abhi-√jan (to be born, to produce) Praes. Ā 1v.1 – he arises, he is born;

textual variants

evaṁ → enaṁ (this);
sarvathā → sa yathā (he as);
‘bhijāyate → hi jāyate (indeed he is born);
sa bhūyo ‘bhijāyate → sa punar nābhijāyate (he is not born again);

The third pada of verse 13.23 is the same as the third pada of verse BhG 6.31;

Śāṃkara

tam etaṃ yathokta-lakṣaṇam ātmānaṃ—
ya evaṃ yathokta-prakāreṇa vetti puruṣaṃ sākṣād ātma-bhāvena “ayam aham asmi” iti prakṛtiṃ ca yathoktām avidyā-lakṣaṇāṃ guṇaiḥ sva-vikāraiḥ saha nivartitām abhāvam āpāditāṃ vidyayā, sarvathā sarva-prakāreṇa vartamāno’pi sa bhūyaḥ punaḥ patite’smin vidvac-charīre dehāntarāya nābhijāyate notpadyate, dehāntaraṃ na gṛhṇātīty arthaḥ | api-śabdāt kim u vaktavyaṃ ? sva-vṛtta-stho na jāyate ity abhiprāyaḥ ||
nanu, yady api jñānotpatty-anantaraṃ punar-janmābhāva uktaḥ, tathāpi prāg jñānotpatteḥ kṛtānāṃ karmaṇām uttara-kāla-bhāvināṃ ca yāni cātikrāntāneka-janma-kṛtāni teṣāṃ ca phalam adattvā nāśo na yukta iti | syus trīṇi janmāni kṛta-vipraṇāśo hi na yukta iti, yathā phale pravṛttānām ārabdha-janmanāṃ karmaṇām | na ca karmaṇāṃ viśeṣo’vagamyate | tasmāt tri-prakārāṇy api karmāṇi trīṇi janmāny ārabheran | saṃhatāni vā sarvāṇy ekaṃ janmārabheran | anyathā kṛta-vināśe sati sarvatrānāśvāsa-prasaṅgaḥ, śāstrānarthakyaṃ ca syāt | ity ataḥ idam ayuktam uktaṃ na sa bhūyo’bhijāyate iti | na | kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi [mātruṇḍuttaṃ 2.2.8], brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati [mātruṇḍuttaṃ 3.2.9], tasya tāvad eva ciraṃ [candrhāuttaṃ 6.14.2], iṣīkā-tūlavat sarvāṇi karmāṇi pradūyante [candrhāuttaṃ 5.24.3] ity ādi-śruti-śatebhya ukto viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-dāhaḥ |
ihāpi cokto yathaidhāṃsi [gītā 4.37] ity ādinā sarva-karma-dāhaḥ | vakṣyati copapatteś ca | avidyā-kāma-kleśa-bīja-nimittāni hi karmāṇi janmāntarāṅkuram ārabhante | ihāpi ca sāhaṃkārābhisaṃdhīni karmāṇi phalārambhakāṇi, netarāṇīti tatra tatra bhagavatoktam |
bījāny agny-upadagdhāni na rohanti yathā punaḥ |
jñāna-dagdhais tathā kleśair nātmā saṃpadyate punaḥ [mātrbh 3.200.10] iti ca |
astu tāvaj jñānotpatty-uttara-kāla-kṛtānāṃ karmaṇāṃ jñānena dāhaḥ, jñāna-saha-bhāvitvāt | na tv iha janmani jñānotpatteḥ prāk kṛtānāṃ karmaṇām atīta-janma-kṛtānāṃ ca dāho yuktaḥ | na | sarva-karmāṇīti viśeṣaṇāt | jñānottara-kāla-bhāvinām eva sarva-karmaṇām iti cet, na | saṃkoce kāraṇānupapatteḥ | yat tūktaṃ yathā vartamāna-janmārambhakāṇi karmāṇi na kṣīyante phala-dānāya pravṛttāny eva saty api jñāne, tathānārabdha-phalānām api karmaṇāṃ kṣayo na yukta iti, tad asat | kathaṃ ? teṣāṃ mukteṣuvat pravṛtta-phalatvāt | yathā pūrvaṃ lakṣya-vedhāya mukta iṣuḥ dhanuṣo lakṣya-vedhottara-kālam api ārabdha-vega-kṣayāt patanenaiva nivartate, evaṃ śarīrārambhakaṃ karma śarīra-sthiti-prayojane nivṛtte’pi, ā saṃskāra-vega-kṣayāt pūrvavat vartata eva | yathā sa eva iṣuḥ pravṛtti-nimittānārabdha-vegas tv amukto dhanuṣi prayukto’pi upasaṃhriyate, tathānārabdha-phalāni karmāṇi svāśraya-sthāny eva jñānena nirbījī-kriyanta iti | patite’smin vidvac-charīre na sa bhūyo’bhijāyate iti yuktam evoktam iti siddham

Rāmānuja

enam uktasvabhāvaṃ puruṣam, uktasvabhāvāṃ ca prakṛtiṃ vakṣyamāṇasvabhāvayuktaiḥ sattvādibhir guṇaiḥ saha, yo vetti yathāvad vivekena jānāti, sa sarvathā devamanuṣyādideheṣv atimātrakliṣṭaprakāreṇa vartamāno ‚pi, na bhūyo ‚bhijāyate na bhūyaḥ prakṛtyā saṃsargam arhati, aparicchinnajñānalakaṣaṇam apahatapāpmānam ātmānaṃ taddehāvasānasamaye prāpnotītyarthaḥ

Śrīdhara

evaṃ prakṛti-puruṣa-viveka-jñāninaṃ stauti ya evam iti | evam upadraṣṭṛtvādi-rūpeṇa puruṣaṃ yo vetti prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha sukha-duḥkhādi-pariṇāmaiḥ sahitāṃ yo vetti sa puruṣaḥ sarvathā vidhim atilaṅghyeha vartamāno ‚pi punar nābhijāyate | mucyate evety arthaḥ

Madhusūdana

tad evaṃ sa ca yo yat prabhāvaś ca [Gītā 13.4] iti vyākhyātam idānīṃ yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute ity uktam upasaṃharati ya evam iti | ya evam uktena prakāreṇa vetti puruṣam ayam aham asmīti sākṣātkaroti prakṛtiṃ cāvidyāṃ guṇaiḥ sva-vikāraiḥ saha mithyā-bhūtām ātma-vidyayā bādhitāṃ vetti nivṛtte mamājñāna-tāt-kārye iti, sa sarvathā prārabdha-karma-vaśād indravad vidhim atikramya vartamāno ‚pi bhūyo na jāyate patite ‚smin vidvac-charīre punar deha-grahaṇaṃ na karoti | avidyāyāṃ vidyayā nāśitāyāṃ tat-kāryāsaṃbhavasya bahudhoktatvāt tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvārdhayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśāt [Vs 4.1.13] iti nyāyāt | api-śabdād vidhim anatikramya vartamānaḥ sva-vṛttastho bhūyo na jāyata iti kim u vaktavyam ity abhiprāyaḥ

Viśvanātha

etaj-jñāna-phalam āha ya iti | puruṣaṃ paramātmānaṃ prakṛtiṃ māyā-śaktiṃ | ca-kārāj jīva-śaktiṃ ca | sarvathā vartamāno ‚pi laya-vikṣepādi-parābhūto ‚pi

Baladeva

etaj-jñāna-phalam āha ya iti | evaṃ mad-ukta-vidhayā mitho viviktatayā yaḥ puruṣaṃ maheśvara-prakṛtiṃ ca jīvaṃ ca vetti ! sarvathā vyavahāra-samparkeṇa vartamāno ‚pi bhūyo nābhijāyate dehānte vimucyata ity arthaḥ