BhG 14.5

syntax

he mahā-bāho (O mighty-armed one!),
sattvam (sattva) rajas (rajas) tamas iti (tamas)
prakṛti-sambhavāḥ (born of nature) guṇāḥ (guṇas),
[te] (they) dehe (in the body) avyayam dehinam (imperishable embodied one) nibadhnanti (they bind).

grammar

sattvam	–	sattva (√as – to be, PPr sant – being, existing, true, the essence) abst. 1n.1 n. – being, essence, wisdom, spirit, one of the three guṇas;
rajas	–	rajas 1n.1 n. – coloured, dust, passion, one of the three guṇas (from: √rañj – to be dyed, be excited, be delighted);
tamas	–	tamas 1n.1 n. – darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas (from: √tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop);
iti	–	av. – thus (used to close the quotation);
guṇāḥ	–	guṇa 1n.3 m. – qualities, virtues, threads (from: √grah – to take);
prakṛti-saṁbhavāḥ	–	prakṛti-saṁbhava 1n.3 m.; BV: yeṣāṁ sambhavas prakṛter astīti te – those born of nature (from: pra-√kṛ – to produce, prakṛti – nature, primary substance, original cause; sam-√bhū – to come into being, to be together, saṁbhava – production);
nibadhnanti	–	ni-√bandh (to bind, to fetter) Praes. P 1v.3 – they bind;
mahābāho	–	mahā-bāhu 8n.1 m.; BV: yasya bāhū mahāntau staḥ saḥ – O you who have mighty arms (from: √mah – to magnify, mahant – great; √baṁh – to grow, to increase, bāhu – the arm);
dehe	–	deha 7n.1 m. – in the body (from: √dih – to anoint, to smear);
dehinam	–	dehin 2n.1 m. – the embodied one (from: √dih – to anoint, to smear, deha – a form, shape, body; dehin = dehavant = dehābhimānin – who possesses a body, thinking about oneself as a body);
avyayam	–	a-vyaya 2n.1 m. – unchangeable, imperishable (from: vi-√i – to go away, to disappear, vyaya – going away, changeable, expense);

Śāṃkara

ke guṇāḥ ? kathaṃ badhnanti ? ity ucyate—
sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ-nāmāno guṇā iti pāribhāṣikaḥ śabdaḥ | na rūpādivad dravyāśritā guṇāḥ | na ca guṇa-guṇinor anyatvam atra vivakṣitam | tasmād guṇā iva nitya-para-tantrāḥ kṣetrajñaṃ praty avidyātmakatvāt kṣetrajñaṃ nibadhnantīva tam āspadīkṛtyātmānaṃ pratilabhanta iti nibadhnantīty ucyate | te ca prakṛti-saṃbhavā bhagavan-māyā-saṃbhavā nibadhnantīva | he mahābāho | mahāntau samarthatarāv ājānu-pralambau bāhū yasya saḥ mahābāhuḥ he mahābāho | dehe śarīre dehinaṃ dehavantam avyayam, avyayatvaṃ coktam anāditvād [gītā 13.32] ity ādi ślokena | nanu dehī na lipyate [gītā 13.32] ity uktam | tat katham iha nibadhnantīty anyathocyate ? parihṛtam asmābhir iva-śabdena nibadhnantīveti

Rāmānuja

evaṃ sargādau prācīnakarmavaśād acitsaṃsargeṇa devādiyoniṣu jātānāṃ punaḥ punar devādibhāvena janmahetum āha
sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇāḥ prakṛteḥ svarūpānubandhinaḥ svabhāvaviśeṣāḥ prakāśādikāryaikanirūpaṇīyāḥ prakṛtyavasthāyām anudbhūtāḥ tadvikāreṣu mahadādiṣu udbhūtāḥ mahadādiviśeṣāntair ārabdhadevamanuṣyādidehasaṃbandhinam enaṃ dehinam, avyayam svato guṇasaṃbandhānarhaṃ dehe vartamānaṃ nibadhnanti, dehe vartamānatvopādhinā nibadhnantītyarthaḥ

Śrīdhara

tad evaṃ parameśvarādhīnābhyāṃ prakṛti-puruṣābhyāṃ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ nirūpyedānīṃ prakṛti-saṃyogena puruṣasya saṃsāraṃ prapañcayati | sattvam ity ādi caturdaśabhiḥ | sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ saṃjñakās trayo guṇāḥ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ | prakṛteḥ sambhava udbhavo yeṣāṃ te tathoktāḥ | gūna-sāmyaṃ prakṛtiḥ | tasyāḥ sakāśāt pṛthaktveābhivyaktāḥ santaḥ prakṛti-kārye dehe tādātmyena sthitaṃ dehinaṃ cid-aṃśaṃ vastuto ‚vyayaṃ nirvikāram eva santaṃ nibadhnanti sva-kāryaiḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohādibhiḥ saṃyojayantīty arthaḥ

Madhusūdana

tad evaṃ nirīśvara-sāṅkhya-nirākaraṇena kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogasyeśvarādhīnatvam uktam | idānīṃ kasmin guṇe saṅgaḥ ? ke vā guṇāḥ ? kathaṃ vā te badhnanti ? ity ucyate sattvam ity ādinānyam ity ataḥ prāk caturdaśabhiḥ | sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ-nāmāno guṇā nitya-paratantrāḥ puruṣaṃ prati sarveṣām acetanānāṃ cetanārthatvāt | na tu vaiśeṣikāṇāṃ rūpādivad dravyāśritāḥ | na ca guṇa-guṇinor anyatvam atra vivakṣitam guṇa-trayātmakatvāt prakṛteḥ | tarhi kathaṃ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ ? ity ucyate – trayāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ sāmyāvasthā prakṛtir māyā bhagavats tasyāḥ sakāśāt parasparāṅgāṅgi-bhāvena vaiṣamyeṇa pariṇatāḥ prakṛti-sambhavā ity ucyante | te ca dehe prakṛti-kārye śarīrendriya-saṃghāte dehinaṃ deha-tādātmyādhyāsāpannaṃ jīvaṃ paramārthataḥ sarva-vikāra-śūnyatvenāvyayaṃ nibadhnanti nirvikāram eva santaṃ sva-vikāravattayopadarśayantīva bhrāntyā jala-pātrāṇīva divi sthitam ādityaṃ pratibimbādhyāsena sva-kampādimattayā | yathā ca pāramarthiko bandho nāsti tathā vyākhyātaṃ prāk – śarīrastho ‚pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate [Gītā 13.32] iti

Viśvanātha

tad eva prakṛti-puruṣābhyāṃ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ nirūpeydānīṃ ke guṇā ucyante | teṣu saṅgāt jīvasya kīdṛśo bandha ity apekṣāyām āha sattvam iti | dehe prakṛti-kārye tādātmyena sthitaṃ dehinaṃ jīvaṃ vastuto ‚vyayaṃ nirvikāram asaṅginam apy anādy-avidyayā kṛtād guṇa-saṅgād eva hetor guṇā nibadhnanti

Baladeva

atha ke guṇāḥ kathaṃ teṣu puruṣasya saṅgaḥ kathaṃ vā te taṃ nibadhnanti ity āha sattvam iti caturbhiḥ | sattvādi-saṃjñakās trayo guṇāḥ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ prakṛter abhivyaktās te sva-kārye dehe sthitaṃ puruṣam avyayaṃ vastuto nirvikāram api nibadhnanty aviveka-gṛhītaiḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohaiḥ svadharmais taṃ yojayantīti