guṇān etān atītya trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair vimukto ‘mṛtam aśnute
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dehī (the embodied one) etān trīn (these three) deha-samudbhavān guṇān (guṇas from which the body is made) atītya (after surpassing),
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhaiḥ (from the miseries of birth, death and old age) vimuktaḥ (liberated) amṛtam (immortality) aśnute (he obtains).
| guṇān |
– |
guṇa 2n.3 m. – qualities, virtues, threads (from: √grah – to take); |
| etān |
– |
etat sn. 2n.3 m. – te; |
| atītya |
– |
ati-√i (to pass over) absol. – after surpassing; |
| trīn |
– |
tri 2n.3 m. – three; |
| dehī |
– |
dehin 1n.1 m. – the embodied one (from: √dih – to anoint, to smear, deha – a form, shape, body; dehin = dehavant = dehābhimānin – who possesses a body, thinking about oneself as a body); |
| deha-samudbhavān |
– |
deha-samudbhava 2n.3 m.; BV: yebhyo dehasya samudbhavo ‘sti tān – from which there is generation of the body (from: √dih – to anoint, to smear, deha – a form, shape, body; sam-ud-√bhū – to spring up from, to produce, samudbhava – springing from, production); |
| janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhaiḥ |
– |
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkha 3n.3 n.; DV / TP: janmasya ca mṛtyoḥ ca jarāyāś ca duḥkhair iti – from the miseries of birth, death and old age (from: √jan – to be born, janman – birth; √mṛ – to die, mṛtyu – death; √jṝ – to grow old, to decay, jarā – old age; kha – cavity, hole, nave; dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; duḥ-kha – pain, difficulty; literally: bad hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving not smooth); |
| vimuktaḥ |
– |
vimukta (vi-√muc – to liberate, to release) PP 1n.1 m. – liberated; |
| amṛtam |
– |
a-mṛta 2n.1 n. – not dead, nectar, immortality (from: √mṛ – to die; PP mṛta – dead); |
| aśnute |
– |
√aś (to reach, to eat, to enjoy) Praes. Ā 1v.1 – he obtains; |
dehī → dehe (in the body);
vimukto ‘mṛtam →
vimukto ‘mṛtyum (liberated [he obtains] immortality);
The third pada of verse 14.20 is similar to the third pada of verse BhG 13.8;
katham adhigacchati ? ity ucyate—
guṇān etān yathoktān atītya jīvann evātikramya māyopādhi-bhūtān trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān dehotpatti-bīja-bhūtān janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair janma ca mṛtyuś ca jarā ca duḥkhāni ca janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhāni tair jīvann eva vimuktaḥ san vidvān amṛtam aśnute | evaṃ mad-bhāvam adhigacchatīty arthaḥ
kartṛbhyo guṇebhyo ‚nyam akartāram ātmānaṃ paśyan bhagavadbhāvam adhigacchatīty uktam; sa bhagavadbhāvaḥ kīdṛśa ity ata āha
ayaṃ dehī dehasamudbhavān dehākārapariṇataprakṛtisamudbhavān etān sattvādīn trīn guṇān atītya tebhyo ‚nyaṃ jñānaikākāram ātmānaṃ paśyan janmamṛtyujarāduhkhair vimuktaḥ amṛtam ātmānam anubhavati / eṣa madbhāva ityarthaḥ
tataś ca guṇa-kṛta-sarvānartha-nivṛttyā kṛtārtho bhavatīty āha guṇān iti | dehādyākāraḥ samudbhavaḥ pariṇāmo yeṣāṃ te deha-samudbhavāḥ | tān etāṃ trīn api guṇān atītyātikramya tat-kṛtair janmādibhir vimuktaḥ sann amṛtam aśnute paramānandaṃ prāpnoti
katham adhigacchatīty ucyate – guṇān iti | guṇān etān māyātmakās trīn sattva-rajas-tamo-nāmno deha-samudbhavān dehotpatti-bīja-bhūtān atītya jīvann eva tattva-jñānena bādhitvā janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair janmanā mṛtyunā jarayā duḥkhaiś cādhyātmikādibhir māyā-mayair vimukto jīvann eva tat-sambandha-śūnyaḥ san vidvān amṛtaṃ mokṣam aśnute prāpnoti
tataś ca so ‚pi guṇātīta evocyata ity āha guṇān iti
mad-bhāva-padenoktam arthaṃ sphuṭayati guṇān iti | dehī deha-madhya-stho ‚pi jīvo guṇa-puruṣa-viveka-balenaitān deha-samudbhavān dehotpādaāṃs trīn guṇān atītyollaṅghya janmādibhir vimukto ‚mṛtam ātmānam aśnute ‚nubhavati | so ‚yam asaṃsāritva-lakṣaṇo mad-bhāvo mat-para-bhakti-pātratā-lakṣaṇo vā | evaṃ vakṣyati brahma-bhūtaḥ prasannātmā ity ādi
