BhG 15.2

syntax

manuṣya-loke (in the world of people) tasya [aśvatthasya] (of this holy fig tree) guṇa-pravṛddhāḥ (which are nourished by the guṇas) viṣaya-pravālāḥ (whose youngs shoots are the objects) śākhāḥ (branches) adhaḥ (downwards) ūrdhvam ca (and upwards) prasṛtāḥ (extended) [santi] (they are),
karmānubandhīni ca (and whose consequence is activity) mūlāni (roots) adhaḥ (downwards) anusantatāni (spread) [santi] (they are).

grammar

adhaḥ	–	av. – downwards, below;
ca	–	av. – and;
urdhvam	–	av. – upwards, above;
prasṛtāḥ	–	prasṛta (pra-√sṛ – to move forwards) PP 1n.3 f. – being extended, being wide-spreading;
tasya	–	tat sn. 6n.1 m. – its;
śākhāḥ	–	śākhā 1n.3 f. – branches, parts, divisions;
guṇa-pravṛddhāḥ	–	guṇa-pravṛddha 1n.3 f.; TP: guṇaiḥ pravṛddhā iti – which are nourished by the guṇas (from: √grah – to take, guṇa – quality, virtue, thread; √vṛdh – to grow, pra-vṛddha – grown up, experienced, mighty);
viṣaya-pravālāḥ	–	viṣaya-pravāla 1n.3 f.; TP: yāsāṁ viṣayāḥ pravālāḥ santi tāḥ – whose youngs shoots are the objects (from: √viṣ – to be active, to perform; viṣa – active, poison, viṣaya – sphere, territory, scope, sense object, subject; √val – to turn, to move, pra-vāla – young shoot, sprout, new leaf);
adhaḥ	–	av. – downwards, below;
ca	–	av. – and;
mūlāni	–	mūla 1n.3 n. – roots, sources, basis, foundations;
anusaṁtatāni	–	anu-saṁ-tata (√tan – to spread, to pervade) PP 1n.3 n. – being extended, spread, pervaded;
karmānubandhīni	–	karma-anubandhi 1n.3 n.; BV: yeṣāṁ karmānubandhy asti tāni – whose consequence is activity (from: √kṛ – to do, karman – activity and its result; anu-√bandh – to bind, to fetter, anu-bandha – binding, connection, result; anu-bandhin – connected to, being a consequence; -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses);
manuṣya-loke	–	manuṣya-loke 7n.1 m.; manuṣyāṇāṁ loka iti – in the world of people (from: √man – to think, manu – a man, a person; loka – world);

textual variants

cordhvaṁ → cordhvaṁ ca (and upwards and);
tasya → yasya (whose);
karmānubandhīni → karmānubaṁdhena ([extended] by the relation to activity);

The first pada of verse 15.2 is similar to the third pada of verse Muṇḍakopaniṣad 2.2.11;

Śāṃkara

tasyaitasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasyāparāvayava-kalpanocyate—
adho manuṣyādibhyo yāvat sthāvaram, ata ūrdhvaṃ ca yāvad brahmaṇo viśva-sṛjo dhāma ity etad-antaṃ yathā-karma yathā-śrutaṃ jñāna-karma-phalāni, tasya vṛkṣasya śākhā iva śākhāḥ prasṛtāḥ pragatāḥ | guṇa-pravṛddhāḥ guṇaiḥ sattva-rajas-tamobhiḥ pravṛddhāḥ sthūlīkṛtā upādāna-bhūtaiḥ | viṣaya-pravālā viṣayāḥ śabdādayaḥ pravālā iva dehādi-karma-phalebhyaḥ śākhābhyo’ṅkurī-bhavantīva, tena viṣaya-pravālāḥ śākhāḥ | saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya parama-mūlam upādāna-kāraṇaṃ pūrvam uktam | athedānīṃ karma-phala-janita-rāga-dveṣādi-vāsanā mūlānīva dharmādharma-pravṛtti-kāraṇāny avāntara-bhāvīni tāny adhaś ca devādy-apekṣayā mūlāny anusantatāny anupraviṣṭani karmānubandhīni karma dharmādharma-lakṣaṇam anubandhaḥ paścād-bhāvi, yeṣām udbhūtim anu udbhavati, tāni karmānubandhīni manuṣya-loke viśeṣataḥ | atra hi manuṣyāṇāṃ karmādhikāraḥ prasiddhaḥ

Rāmānuja

tasya manuṣyādiśākhasya vṛkṣasya tattatkarmakṛtā aparāś ca adhaḥ śākhāḥ punar api manuṣyapaśvādirūpeṇa prasṛtā bhavanti; ūrdhvaṃ ca gandharvayakṣadevādirūpeṇa prasṛtā bhavanti / tāś ca guṇapravṛddhāḥ guṇaiḥ sattvādibhiḥ pravṛddhāḥ, viṣayapravālāḥ śabdādiviṣayapallavāḥ / katham ity atrāha
brahmalokamūlasyāsya vṛkṣasya manuṣyāgrasya, adho manuṣyaloke mūlāny anusantatāni; tāni ca karmānubandhīni karmāṇy evānubandhīni mūlāni adho manuṣyaloke ca bhavantītyarthaḥ / manuṣyatvāvasthāyāṃ kṛtair hi karmabhiḥ adho manuṣyapaśvādayaḥ, ūrdhvaṃ ca devādayo bhavanti /
asya vṛkṣasya caturmukhāditvenordhvamūlatvam, tatsantānaparamparayā manuṣyāgratvenādhaś śākhatvam, manuṣyatve kṛtaiḥ karmabhir mūlabhūtaiḥ punar apy adhaś cordhvaṃ ca prasṛtaśākhatvam iti yathedaṃ rūpaṃ nirdiṣṭam, na tathā saṃsāribhir upalabhyate / manuṣyo ‚haṃ devadattasya putro yajñadattasya pitā tadanurūpaprigrahaś cety etāvanmātram upalabhyate / tathā asya vṛkṣasya antaḥ vināśo ‚pi guṇamayabhogeṣv asaṅgakṛta iti nopalabhyate / tathā asya guṇasaṅga evādir iti nopalabhyate / tasya pratiṣṭhā ca anātmani ātmābhimānarūpam ajñānam iti nopalabhyate; pratitiṣṭhaty asminn+eveti hy ajñānam evāsya pratiṣṭhā /

Śrīdhara

kiṃ ca adhaś ceti | hiraṇyagarbhādayaḥ kāryopādhayo jīvāḥ śākhā-sthānīyatvenoktāḥ | teṣu ca ye duṣkṛtinas te ‚dhaḥ paśv-ādi-yoniṣu prasṛtās tasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya śākhāḥ | kiṃ ca, guṇaiḥ sattvādi-vṛttibhir jala-secanair iva yathāyathaṃ pravṛddhā vṛddhiṃ prāptāḥ | kiṃ ca, viṣayā rūpādayaḥ pravālāḥ pallava-sthānīyā yāsāṃ tāḥ | śākhāgra-sthānīyābhir indriya-vṛttibhiḥ saṃyuktatvāt | kiṃ ca, adhaś ca ca-śabdād ūrdhvaṃ ca | mūlāny anusantatāni virūḍhāni | mukhyaṃ mūlam īśvara eva | imāni tv antarālāni mūlāni tat-tad-bhoga-vāsanā-lakṣaṇāni | teṣāṃ kāryam āha manuṣya-loke karmānubandhīnīti | karmaivānubandhy uttara-kāla-bhāvi yeṣāṃ tāni | ūrdhvādho-lokeṣūpabhukta-tat-tad-bhoga-vāsanādibhir hi karma-kṣaye manuṣya-lokaṃ prāptānāṃ tat-tad-anurūpeṣu karmasu pravṛttir bhavati | tasminn eva hi karmādhikāro nānyeṣu lokeṣu | ato manuṣya-loka ity uktam

Madhusūdana

tasyaiva saṃsāra-vṛkṣasyāvayava-sambandhiny aparā kalpanocyate adhaś ceti | pūrvaṃ hiraṇyagarbhādayaḥ kāryopādhayo jīvāḥ śākhā-sthānīyatvenoktāḥ | idānīṃ tu tad-gato viśeṣa ucyate | teṣu ye kapūya-caraṇā duṣkṛtinas te ‚dhaḥ paśv-ādi-yoniṣu prasṛtā vistāraṃ gatāḥ | ye tu ramaṇīya-caraṇāḥ sukṛtinas ta ūrdhvaṃ devādi-yoniṣu prasṛtā ato ‚dhaś ca manuṣyatvād ārabhya viriñci-paryantam ūrdhvaṃ ca tasmād evārabhya satya-loka-paryantaṃ prasṛtās tasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya śākhāḥ | kīdṛśas tāḥ ? guṇaiḥ sattva-rajas-tamo bhir dehendriya-viṣayākāra-pariṇatair jala-secanair iva pravṛddhāḥ sthūlībhūtāḥ | kiṃ ca, viṣayāḥ śabdādayaḥ pravālāḥ pallavā iva yāsāṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-śākhānāṃ tās tathā śākhāgra-sthānīyābhir indriya-vṛttibhiḥ sambandhād rāgādhiṣṭhānatvāc ca |saṃyuktatvāt | kiṃ ca, adhaś ca ca-śabdād ūrdhvaṃ ca mūlāny avāntarāṇi tat-tad-bhoga-janita-rāga-dveṣādi-vāsanā-lakṣaṇāni mūlānīva dharmādharma-pravṛtti-kārakāṇi tasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasyānusantatāni anusyūtāni | mukhyaṃ ca mūlaṃ brahmaiveti na doṣaḥ | kīdṛśāny avāntara-mūlāni ? karma dharmādharma-lakṣaṇam anubandhuṃ paścāj janayituṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni karmānubandhīni | kutra ? manuṣya-loke manuṣyaś cāsau lokaaś cety adhikṛto brāhmaṇyādi-viśiṣṭo deho manuṣya-lokas tasmin bāhulyena karmānubandhīni | manuṣyāṇāṃ hi karmādhikāraḥ prasiddhaḥ

Viśvanātha

adhaḥ paśv-ādi-yoniṣu ūrdhve devādi-yoniṣu prasṛtās tasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya guṇaiḥ sattvādi-vṛttibhir jala-sekair iva pravṛddhāḥ | viṣayā śabdādayaḥ pravālāḥ pallava-sthānīyā yāsāṃ tāḥ | kiṃ ca tasya mūle sarva-lokair alakṣito mahā-nidhiḥ kaścid astīty anumīyate yam eva mūla-jaṭābhir avalambya sthitasya tasyāśvattha-vṛkṣasyāpi baṭa-vṛkṣasyeva śākhāsv api bāhyā jaṭāḥ santīty āha adhaś ceti | brahma-loka-mūlasyāpi tasyādhaś ca manuṣya-loke karmānubandhīni karmānulambīni mūlāny anusantatāni nirantaraṃ vistṛtāni bhavanti | karma-phalānāṃ yatas tato bhogānte punar manuṣya-janmany eva karmasu pravṛttāni bhavantīty arthaḥ

Baladeva

kiṃ cādha iti | tasyokta-lakṣaṇasya saṃsārāśvatthasya śākhā adha ūrdhvaṃ ca prasṛtāḥ | adho manuṣya-paśv-ādi-yoniṣu duṣkṛtair ūrdhvaṃ ca deva-gandharvādi-yoniṣu sukṛtair vistṛtāḥ | guṇaiḥ sattvādi-vṛttibhir ambu-niṣekair iva pravṛddhāḥ sthaulya-bhājaḥ | viṣayāḥ śabda-sparśādayaḥ pravālāḥ pallavā yāsāṃ tāḥ | śākhāgra-sthānīyābhiḥ śrotrādi-vṛttibhir yogād rāgādhiṣṭhānatvāc ca śabdādīnāṃ pallava-sthānīyatvam |
tasyāśvatthasyādhaś ca śabdād ūrdhvaṃ cāvāntarāṇi mūlāny anusantatāni vistṛtāni santi | tāni ca tat-tad-bhoga-janita-rāga-dveṣādi-vāsanā-rūpāṇi dharmādharma-pravṛtti-kāritvān mūla-tulyāny ucyante | mukhyaṃ mūlaṃ tādṛk caturmukhas tat-tad-vāsanās tv avāntara-mūlāni nyagrodhasyaiva jaṭopajaṭāvṛndānīti bhāvaḥ | tāni kīdṛśānīty āha manuṣya-loke karmānubandhīni yatas tataḥ karma-phala-bhogāvasāne sati punar manuṣya-loke karma-hetu-bhūtāni bhavantīty arthaḥ | sa lokaḥ khalu karma-bhūmir iti prasiddham