BhG 17.9

syntax

kaṭv-amla-lavaṇāty-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rukṣa-vidāhinaḥ (excessively bitter, sour, salty, hot,  pungent, dry and burning) duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ (giving distress, grief and disease) āhārāḥ (foods)
rājasasya [janasya] (of rajasic people) iṣṭāḥ (desired) [santi] (they are).

grammar

kaṭv-amla-lavaṇāty-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhinaḥ	–	kaṭv-amla-lavaṇa-aty-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhin 1n.3 m.; DV: ati-kaṭu cāty-amlaś cāti-lavaṇaś cāty-uṣṇaś cāti-tīkṣṇaś cāti-rūkṣaś cāti-vidāhī ceti – excessively bitter, sour, salty, hot,  pungent, dry and burning (from: kaṭu – bitter, acrid, ill-smelling; amla – sour; lavaṇa – salty; √uṣ – to burn, uṣṇa – hot, warm; √tij – to sharpen, to tolerate, tīkṣṇa – sharp, hot, pungent; √rūṣ – to decorate, to smear; rūkṣa – hard, dry; vi-√dah – to burn; vidāhin – burning; prefix: -ati – excessively, relates to all parts of a compound);
āhārāḥ	–	āhāra 1n.3 m. – foods (from: ā-√hṛ – to fetch, to carry near);
rājasasya	–	rājasa 6n.1 m. – of related to rajas, of rajasic (from: √rañj – to be dyed, be excited, be delighted, rajas – coloured, dust, passion, one of the three guṇas);
iṣṭāḥ	–	iṣṭa PP 1n.3 m. – desired, worshipped (from: √iṣ – to desire or √yaj – to consecrate, to sacrifice, to worship);
duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ	–	duḥkha-śoka-āmaya-prada 1n.3 m.; ye duḥkhaṁ ca śokaṁ cāmayaṁ ca pradadati te – giving distress, grief and disease (from: dur / dus – prefix: difficult, bad, hard; kha – cavity, hole, nave; duḥ-kha – pain, difficulty; literally: bad hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving not smooth; or from: duḥ-√sthā; √śuc – to grieve,  to burn, śoka – grief, despair, heat; āmaya – sickness; pra-√dā – to give, pra-da – suffix meaning giver);

textual variants

kaṭv-amla-lavaṇāty-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rukṣa-vidāhinaḥ → kaṭvaṁsva-lavaṇāty-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rukṣa-vidāhinaḥ / kaṭv-āmla-lavaṇāty-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rukṣa-vidāhinaḥ / kaṭv-amla-lavaṇādy-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rukṣa-vidāhinaḥ / kaṭv-amla-lavaṇāty-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vibhāvinaḥ (? excessively sour, salty, hot, pungent, dry and burning / excessively bitter, sour, salty, hot,  pungent, dry and burning / bitter, sour, salty, hot,  pungent, dry, burning and the like / that make bitter, sour, salty, hot,  pungent, dry and burning);
āhārā → āhāra- / āhāro (food [of the rajasic] / food);
rājasasyeṣṭā → rājasa-śreṣṭhā (the best for the rajasic);
duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ → duḥkhaṁ śokāmaya-pradāḥ (distress, giving grief and disease);

Śāṃkara

kaṭv-amla-lavaṇātyuṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhina ity atrāti-śabdaḥ kaṭvādiṣu sarvatra yojyaḥ | atikaṭuḥ atitīkṣṇaḥ ity evam | kaṭuś cāmlaś ca lavaṇaś cātyuṣṇaś ca tīkṣṇaś ca rūkṣaś ca vidāhī ca te āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ duḥkhaṃ ca śokaṃ cāmayaṃ ca prayacchantīti duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ

Rāmānuja

kaṭurasāḥ, amlarasāḥ, lavaṇotkaṭāḥ, atyuṣṇāḥ, atitīkṣaṇāḥ, rūkṣāḥ, vidāhinaś ceti kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ / atiśaityātitaikṣṇyādinā durupayogās tīkṣṇāḥ; śoṣakarā rūkṣāḥ; tāpakarā vidāhinaḥ / evaṃvidhā āhārā rājasasyeṣṭāḥ / te ca rajomayatvād duḥkhaśokāmayavardhanāḥ rajovardhanāś ca

Śrīdhara

tathā kaṭv iti | ati-śabdaḥ kaṭv-ādiṣu saptasv api sambadhyate | tenāti-kaṭur nimbādiḥ | atyamlo ’tilavaṇo ‚tyuṣṇaś ca prasiddhaḥ | ati-tīkṣṇo maricādiḥ | atirūkṣaḥ kaṅgu-kodravādiḥ | atividāhī saṛṣapādiḥ | atikaṭv-ādaya āhārā rājasasyeṣṭāḥ priyāḥ | duḥkhaṃ tāt-kālikaṃ hṛdaya-santāpādi | śokaḥ paścād-bhāvi-daurmanasyam | āmayo rogaḥ | etān pradadāti prayacchantīti tathā

Madhusūdana

ati-śabdaḥ kaṭv-ādiṣu saptasv api yojanīyaḥ | kaṭus tiktaḥ | kaṭu-rasasya tīkṣṇa-śabdenoktatvāt | tatrātikaṭur nimbādiḥ | atyamlātilavaṇātyuṣṇāḥ prasiddhaḥ | ati-tīkṣṇo maricādiḥ | atirūkṣaḥ sneha-śūnyaḥ kaṅgu-kodravādiḥ | atividāhī santāpako rājikādiḥ | duḥkhaṃ tāt-kālikīṃ pīḍām | śokaṃ paścād-bhāvi-daurmanasyam | āmayaṃ rogaṃ ca dhātu-vaiṣamya-dvārā pradadatīti tathā-vidhā āhārā rājasasyeṣṭāḥ | etair liṅgaiḥ rājasā jñeyāḥ sāttvikaiś caita upekṣaṇīyā ity arthaḥ

Viśvanātha

ati-śabdaḥ kaṭv-ādiṣu saptasv api sambadhyate | ati-kaṭur nimbādiḥ | aty-amlavaṇoṣṇaḥ prasiddha eva | atitīkṣṇo mūlikā-viṣādir marīcy-ādyā vā | atirūkṣo hiṅgu-kodravādiḥ | vidāhī dāhakaro bhṛṣṭa-caṇakādiḥ | ete duḥkhādi-pradāḥ | tatra duḥkhaṃ tātkāliko rasanākaṇṭhādi-santāpaḥ | śokaḥ paścād-bhāvi-daurmanasyam | āmayo rogaḥ

Baladeva

rājasāhāram āha kaṭv iti | saptasv ati-śabdo yojyaḥ | ati-kaṭur iti tikto nimbādir na ca maricādis tasya tīkṣṇa-śabdenokter atyamlo ’tilavaṇo ‚tyuṣṇaś ca | khyāto ‚titīkṣṇo marīcy-ādir atirukṣaḥ kaṅgukādir atidāhī rājikādiḥ | ete rājasasyeṣṭāḥ, sāttvikānāṃ tu heyāḥ | duḥkhaṃ tātkālikaṃ jihvā kaṇṭhādi-śoṣaṇajam | śoko daurmanasyaṃ pāścātyam āmayo rudhira-kopaḥ |