BhG 17.10

syntax

yat bhojanam (that food which) yāta-yāmam (of which three hours have passed) gata-rasam (whose taste is gone) pūti (putrid) paryuṣitam (stale) ucchiṣṭam (being a left-over) amedhyam ca (and not suitable for sacrifice),
[tat] tāmasa-priyam [bhavati] (that is dear to the tamasic).

grammar

yāta-yāmam	–	yāta-yāma 1n.1 n.; BV: yasya yāmo yāto ‘sti tat – which finished its course, used, useless / of which three hours have passed (from: √yā – to go, to depart, PP yāta – gone; √yam – to restrain, to control; yama – restrain, control, yāma – restrained, 1/8 of the day and night, period of three hours or: yāma – motion, progress, course);
gata-rasam	–	gata-rasa 1n.1 n.; BV: yasya raso gatao ‘sti tat – whose taste is gone (from: √gam – to go, PP gata – gone; √ras – to taste, to relish, to love, rasa – juice, nectar, taste);
pūti	–	pūti 1n.1 n. – foul-smelling, stinking, putrid;
paryuṣitam	–	pary-uṣita (pari-√vas – to remain) PP 1n.1 n. – left over [for long time], stale;
ca	–	av. – and;
yat	–	yat sn. 1n.1 n. – that which;
ucchiṣṭam	–	ucchiṣṭa (ud-√śiṣ – to leave remains) PP 1n.1 n. – left remaining, left-over;
api	–	av. – although, moreover, besides, even;
ca	–	av. – and;
amedhyam	–	a-medhya 1n.1 n. – not suitable for sacrifice, impure (from: √mith / √meth – to unite to couple, to kill, to know; medha – ofiara, oblation);
bhojanam	–	bhojana 1n.1 n. – food, meal (from: √bhuj – to eat, to enjoy);
tāmasa-priyam	–	tāmasa-priya 1n.3 m.; tāmasānāṁ [janānāṁ] priyā iti – dear to the tamasic (from: √tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop; tamas – darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas, tāmasa – related to tamas, tamasic (from: √prī – to please, priya – liked, dear, pleasant);

Śāṃkara

yāta-yāmaṃ manda-pakvam, nirvīryasya gata-rasa-śabdenoktatvāt | gata-rasaṃ rasa-viyuktam, pūti durgandhi, paryuṣitaṃ ca pakvaṃ sad rātry-antaritaṃ ca yat, ucchiṣṭam api bhukta-śiṣṭam ucchiṣṭam, amedhyam ayajñārhaṃ bhojanam īdṛśaṃ tāmasa-priyam

Rāmānuja

yātayāmam cirakālāvasthitam; gatarasam tyaktasvābhāvikarasam; pūti durgandhopetam, paryuṣitam kālātipattyā rasāntarāpannam; ucchiṣṭam gurvādibhyo ‚nyeṣāṃ bhuktaśiṣṭam; amedhyam ayajñārham; ayajñaśiṣṭam ityarthaḥ / evaṃvidhaṃ tamomayaṃ bhojanaṃ tāmasapriyaṃ bhavati / bhujyata iti āhāra eva bhojanam / punaś ca tamaso vardhanam / ato hitaiṣibhiḥ sattvavivṛddhaye sāttvikāhāra eva sevyaḥ

Śrīdhara

tathā yāta-yāmam iti | yāto yāmaḥ praharo yasya pakvasyaudanādes tad yāta-yāmam | śaityāvasthāṃ prāptam ity arthaḥ | gatarasaṃ niṣpīḍita-sāram | pūti durgandham | paryūṣitaṃ dināntara-pakvam | ucchiṣṭam anya-bhuktāvaśiṣṭam | amedhyam abhakṣyaṃ kalañjy-ādi | evambhūtaṃ bhojanaṃ tāmasasya priyam

Madhusūdana

yātayāmam ardha-pakvaṃ nirvīryasya gata-rasa-padenoktatvād iti bhāṣyam | gata-rasaṃ virasatāṃ prāptaṃ śuṣkam | yāta-yāmaṃ pakvaṃ sat praharādi-vyavahita-modanādi śaityaṃ prāptam | gata-rasaṃ uddhṛta-sāram mathita-dugdhādīty anye | pūti durgandham | paryūṣitaṃ pakvaṃ sad rātry-antaritam | cena tat-kālonmāda-karaṃ dhattūrādi samuccīyate | yad atiprasiddhaṃ duṣṭatvenocchiṣṭam bhuktāvaśiṣṭam | amedhyam ayajñārham aśuci māṃsādi | api ceti vaidyaka-śāstroktam apathyaṃ samuccīyate | etādṛśaṃ yad bhojanaṃ bhojyaṃ tat tāmasasya priyaṃ sāttvikair atidūrād upekṣaṇīyam ity arthaḥ | etādṛśa-bhojanasya duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradatvam atiprasiddham iti kaṇṭhato noktam |
atra ca krameṇa rasyādi-vargaḥ sāttvikaḥ | kaṭv-ādi-vargo rājasaḥ | yāta-yāmādi-vargas tāmasa ity uktam āhāra-varga-trayam | tatra sāttvika-varga-virodhitvam itara-varga-dvaye draṣṭavyam | tathā hy atikaṭutvādikaṃ rasyatva-virodhitvāt sthiratva-virodhinī | atyuṣṇatvādikaṃ hṛdyatva-virodhi | āmaya-pradatvam āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-virodhi | duḥkha-śokaa-pradatvaṃ sukha-prīti-virodhi | evaṃ sāttvika-varga-virodhitvaṃ rājasa-varge spaṣṭam | tathā tāmasa-varge ‚pi gata-rasatva-yātayāmatva-paryuṣitatvāni yathā-sambhavaṃ rasyatva-snighdhatva-sthiratva-virodhīni | pūtitvocchiṣṭatvāmedhyatvāni hṛdyatva-virodhīni | āyuḥ-sattvādi-virodhitvaṃ tu spaṣṭam eva | rājasa-varge dṛṣṭa-virodha-mātraṃ tāmasa-varge tu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-virodha ity atiśayaḥ

Viśvanātha

yāto yāmaḥ praharo yasya pakvasyaudanādes tad yāta-yāmaṃ śaityāvasthāṃ prāptam ity arthaḥ | gata-rasaṃ gata-svābhāvika-rasaṃ niṣpīḍita-rasam pakvāmratva-gaṣṭy-ādikaṃ vā | pūti durgandham | paryūṣitaṃ dināntara-pakvam | ucchiṣṭam gurvādibhyo ‚nyeṣāṃ bhuktāvaśiṣṭam | amedhyam abhakṣyaṃ kalajñādi | tataś caivaṃ paryālocya sva-hitaiṣibhiḥ sāttvika āhāraḥ sevya iti bhāvaḥ | vaiṣṇavais tu so ‚pi bhagavad-aniveditas tyājya eva | bhagavan-niveditam annādikaṃ tu nirguṇa-bhakta-loka-priyam iti śrī-bhāgavatāj jñeyam

Baladeva

tāmasāhāram āha yāteti | yāto ‚tikrānto yāmaḥ praharo yasya rāddhasyānnādes tad yātayāmam | gata-rasaṃ vairasyavat | pūtiḥ durgandham | paryuṣitaṃ pūrve ‚hni rāddham ucchiṣṭaṃ guror anyeṣāṃ bhuktāvaśiṣṭam amedhyam apavitraṃ kalañjādi | īdṛg-bhojanaṃ tāmasānāṃ priyaṃ sāttvikānāṃ tv atidūrato heyam