BhG 18.28

ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭho naikṛtiko ‘lasaḥ
viṣādī dīrgha-sūtrī ca kartā tāmasa ucyate

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analysis

syntax

ayuktaḥ (not engaged) prākṛtaḥ (vulgar) stabdhaḥ (arrogant) śaṭhaḥ (cheater) naikṛtikaḥ (dishonest) alasaḥ (lazy) viṣādī (dejected) dīrgha-sūtrī ca (and slow) kartā (a doer) tāmasaḥ (tamasic) ucyate (he is called).

grammar

ayuktaḥ	–	a-yukta (√yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage) PP 1n.1 m. – not yoked, not endowed with, not suited, not engaged;
prākṛtaḥ	–	prākṛta 1n.1 m. – natural, ordinary, vulgar (from: pra-√kṛ – to produce, prakṛti – nature, primary substance, original cause);
stabdhaḥ	–	stabdha (√stambh – to stand firmly, to stop) PP 1n.1 m. – fixed, puffed up, arrogant;
śaṭhaḥ	–	śaṭha 1n.1 m. – cheater, rogue, wicked (from: ???);
naikṛtikaḥ	–	naikṛtika 1n.1 m. – dishonest, insulting, destroying (from: ni-√kṛ – to bring down, to humiliate, to overcome);
alasaḥ	–	alasa 1n.1 m. – inactive, without energy, lazy (from: √las – to shine, to glitter, to play);
viṣādī	–	viṣādin 1n.1 m. – dejected, sad (from: vi-√sad – to grieve, to be dejected; viṣāda – sorrow, despair; -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses);
dīrgha-sūtrī	–	dīrgha-sūtrin 1n.1 m. – slow, dilatory (from: dīrgha – long, great, deep; √siv – to sew, to stitch, to join, sūtra – thread, line, short sentence; -in, -min, -vin – sufixes meaning one who possesses);
ca	–	av. – and;
kartā	–	kartṛ 1n.1 m. – a doer (from: √kṛ – to do);
tāmasaḥ	–	tāmasa 1n.1 m. – related to tamas, tamasic (from: √tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop; tamas – darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas);
ucyate	–	√vac (to speak) Praes. pass. 1v.1 – it is said;

textual variants

naikṛtiko → naiṣkṛtiko / naiḥ-kṛtiko (neglecting);
dīrgha-sūtrī → dīrgha-sūtraś (whose thread [of activity] is long);

commentaries

Śāṃkara

ayukto na yukto’samāhitaḥ | prākṛto’tyantāsaṃskṛta-buddhir bāla-samaḥ | stabdho daṇḍāvat na namati kasmaicit | śaṭhaḥ māyāvī śakti-gūhana-kārī | naikṛtikaḥ para-vibhedana-paraḥ | alaso’pravṛtti-śīlaḥ kartavyeṣv api | viṣādī viṣādavān sarvadāvasanna-svabhāvaḥ | dīrgha-sūtrī ca kartavyānāṃ dīrgha-prasāraṇaḥ sarvadā manda-svabhāvaḥ, yad adya śvo vā kartavyaṃ tan māsenāpi na karoti | yaś caivambhūtaḥ, sa kartā tāmasa ucyate

Rāmānuja

ayuktaḥ śāstrīyakarmāyogyaḥ, vikarmasthaḥ, prākṛtaḥ anadhigatavidyaḥ, stabdhaḥ anārambhaśīlaḥ, śaṭhaḥ abhicārādikarmaruciḥ, naikṛtikaḥ vañcanaparaḥ, alasaḥ ārabdheṣv api karmasu mandapravṛttiḥ, viṣādī atimātrāvasādaśīlaḥ dīrghasūtrī abhicārādikarma kurvan pareṣu dīrghakālavartyanarthaparyālocanaśīlaḥ, evaṃbhūto yaḥ kartā, sa tāmasaḥ

Śrīdhara

Viśvanātha

ayukto ‚naucitya-kārī prākṛtaḥ prakṛtau sva-svabhāva eva vartamānaḥ, yad eva sva-manasi āyāti tad evānutiṣṭhati, na tu guror api vacaḥ pramāṇayatīty arthaḥ | naikṛtikaḥ parāpamāna-kartā |
tad evaṃ jñānibhir ukta-lakṣaṇaḥ sāttvika eva tyāgaḥ kartavyaḥ sāttvikam eva karma-niṣṭhaṃ jñānam āśrayaṇīyaṃ sāttvikam eva karma kartavyaṃ sāttvikenaiva kartrā bhavitavyaṃ | eṣa eva sannyāso jñāninām iti me jñānaṃ prakaraṇārtha-niṣkarṣaḥ | bhaktānāṃ tu triguṇātītam eva jñānaṃ triguṇātītaṃ me karma bhakti-yogākhyaṃ triguṇātītā eva kartāraḥ | yad uktaṃ bhagavataiva śrīmad-bhāgavate –
kaivalyaṃ sāttvikaṃ jñānaṃ
rajo vaikalpikaṃ tu yat |
prākṛtaṃ tāmasaṃ jñānaṃ
man-niṣṭhaṃ nirguṇaṃ smṛtam || (BhP 11.25.24) iti |
lakṣaṇaṃ bhakti-yogasya
nirguṇasya hy udāhṛtam || (BhP 3.29.11) iti |
sāttvikaḥ kārako ‚saṅgī
rāgāndho rājasaḥ smṛtaḥ |
tāmasaḥ smṛti-vibhraṣṭo
nirguṇo mad-apāśrayaḥ || (BhP 11.25.26) iti |
kiṃ ca na kevalam etat trikam eva bhakti-mate guṇātītam api tu bhakti-sambandhi sarvam eva guṇātītam | yad uktaṃ tatraiva –
sāttvikyādhyātmikī śraddhā
karma-śraddhā tu rājasī |
tāmasy adharme yā śraddhā
mat-sevāyāṃ tu nirguṇā || (BhP 11.25.27) iti |
vanaṃ tu sāttviko vāso
grāmo rājasa ucyate |
tāmasaṃ dyuta-sadanaṃ
man-niketaṃ tu nirguṇam || (BhP 11.25.25) iti |
sāttvikaṃ sukham ātmotthaṃ
viṣayotthaṃ tu rājasam |
tāmasaṃ moha-dainyotthaṃ
nirguṇaṃ mad-apāśrayam || (BhP 11.25.29) iti |
tad evaṃ guṇātītānāṃ bhaktānāṃ bhakti-sambandhīni jñāna-karma-śraddhādau sva-sukhādīni sarvāṇy eva guṇātītāni | sāttvikānāṃ jñānināṃ jñāna-sambandhīni tāni sarvāṇi sāttvikāny eva | rājasānāṃ karmiṇāṃ tāni sarvāṇi rājasāny eva | tāmasānām ucchṛṅkhalānāṃ tāni sarvāṇi tāmasāny eveti śrī-gītā-bhāgavatārtha-dṛṣṭyā jñeyam | jñāninām api punar antima-daśāyāṃ jñāna-sannyāsānantaram urvaritayā kevalayā bhaktyaiva guṇātītatvaṃ caturdaśādhyāya uktam

Baladeva

translations

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