yad agre cānubandhe ca sukhaṃ mohanam ātmanaḥ
nidrālasya-pramādotthaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
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agre (at the beginning) anubandhe ca (and in consequence) yat sukham (that happiness which) nidrālasya-pramādottham (what have risen from sleepiness, laziness and madness) ātmanaḥ mohana (bewilderment of the self),
tat [
sukham]
(that happiness) tāmasam (tamasic) udāhṛtam (declared).
| yat |
– |
yat sn. 1n.1 n. – which; |
| agre |
– |
av. (7n.1) – at the beginning (from: agra – foremost, first, summit, goal); |
| ca |
– |
av. – and; |
| anubandhe |
– |
anu-bandha 7n.1 m. – in bondage, in consequence, in result (from: anu-√bandh – to bind, to fetter); |
| ca |
– |
av. – and; |
| sukham |
– |
sukha 1n.1 n. – pleasure, comfort (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kha – cavity, hole, nave; su-kha – joy, happiness, literally: good hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving smooth;
or from: su-√sthā; opposite to: duḥkha – pain, difficulty); |
| mohanam |
– |
mohana 1n.1 n. – bewildering, perplexing (from: √muh – to become confused, bewildered, stupefied; moha – bewilderment, confusion); |
| ātmanaḥ |
– |
ātman 6n.1 m. – of the self; |
| nidrālasya-pramādottham |
– |
nidrālasya-pramāda-uttha 1n.1 n.; DV / TP: yad nidrāyā ālasyāt pramādāc ca uttiṣṭati tat – what have risen from sleepiness, laziness and madness (from: ni-√xdrā – to fall asleep, ni-drā – sleep, sloth; √las – to shine, to glitter, to play, alasa – inactive, without energy, lazy, ālasya – inactivity, laziness, idleness; pra-√mad – to enjoy, to delight, to delude, pramāda – madness; ut-√sthā – to rise, uttha – risen); |
| tat |
– |
tat sn. 1n.1 n. – that; |
| tāmasam |
– |
tāmasa 1n.1 n. – related to tamas, tamasic (from: √tam – to choke, to faint, to perish, to stop; tamas – darkness, gloom, dullness, passivity, one of the three guṇas); |
| udāhṛtam |
– |
ud-ā-hṛta (ud-ā-√hṛ – to set up, to declare) PP 1n.1 n. – set up, declared; |
sukhaṁ mohanam → sukha-mohanam (bewilderment of happiness);
tat tāmasam udāhṛtam → tat tāmasam iti smṛtaṁ / tat sukhaṁ tāmasam smṛtaṁ (that tamasis, thus it is known / that happiness is known as tamasic);
The fourth pada of verse 18.39 is similar to the fourth pada of verses: BhG 17.19, 17.22 and 18.22;
yad agre cānubandhe cāvasānottara-kāle ca sukhaṃ mohanaṃ moha-karam ātmano nidrālasya-pramādotthaṃ nidrā cālasyaṃ ca pramādaś ca tebhyaḥ samuttiṣṭhatīti nidrālasya-pramādottham, tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
yat sukham agre cānubandhe ca anubhavavelāyāṃ vipāke ca ātmano mohanaṃ mohahetur bhavati; moho ‚tra yathāvasthitavastvaprakāśo ‚bhipretaḥ; nidrālasyapramādottham nidrālasyapramādajanitam, nidrādayo hy anubhavavelāyām api mohahetavaḥ / nidrāyā mohahetutvaṃ spṛṣṭam / ālasyam indriyavyāpāram āndyam / indriyavyāpāram āndye ca jñānam āndyaṃ bhavaty eva / pramādaḥ kṛtyānavadhānarūpa iti tatrāpi jñānam āndyaṃ bhavati / tataś ca tayor api mohahetutvam / tat sukhaṃ tāmasam udāhṛtam / ato mumukṣuṇā rajastamasī abhibhūya sattvam evopādeyam ity uktaṃ bhavati
tāmasaṃ sukham āha yad iti | agre ca prathama-kṣaṇe ‚nubandhe ca paścād api yat sukham ātmano moha-karam | tad evāha nidrā ālasyaṃ ca pramādaś ca kartavyārthāvadhāraṇa-rāhityena mano-grāhyam etebhya uttiṣṭhati yat sukhaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
no commentary up to the verse BhG 18.40
yad-agre ‚nubhava-kāle anubandhe paścād vipāka-kāle cātmano mohanaṃ vastu-yāthātmyāvarakaṃ, yac ca nidrādibhya uttiṣṭhati jāyate tat tāmasaṃ sukham | ālasyam inidriya-vyāpāram āndyam | pramādaḥ kāryākāryāvadhānābhāvaḥ
