BhG 2.63
krodhād bhavati saṃmohaḥ saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ
smṛti-bhraṃśād buddhi-nāśo buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati
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syntax
krodhāt (from anger) sammohaḥ (bewilderment) bhavati (it becomes),
saṁmohāt (from bewilderment) smṛti-vibhramaḥ (confusion of memory) [bhavati] (it becomes),
smṛti-bhraṁśāt (from loss of memory) buddhi-nāśaḥ (destruction of intelligence) [bhavati] (it becomes),
buddhi-nāśāt (from destruction of intelligence) [pumān] (a person) praṇaśyati (he perishes).
grammar
| krodhāt | – | krodha 5n.1 m. – from anger, from wrath (from: √krudh – to be angry); |
| bhavati | – | √bhū (to be) Praes. P 1v.1 – it becomes; |
| saṁmohaḥ | – | saṁ-moha 1n.1 m. – bewilderment, confusion (from: sam-√muh – to become confused, bewildered, stupefied); |
| saṁmohāt | – | saṁ-moha 5n.1 m. – from bewilderment, from confusion (from: sam-√muh – to become confused, bewildered, stupefied); |
| smṛti-vibhramaḥ | – | smṛti-vibhrama 1n.1 m.; TP: smṛter vibhrama iti – confusion of memory (from: √smṛ – to think, to remember, smṛti – remembrance, tradition, sacred texts of tradition; vi-√bhram – to wander, to roam, vibhrama – agitation, error, confusion); |
| smṛti-bhraṁśāt | – | smṛti-bhraṁśa 5n.1 m.; TP: smṛter bhraṁśāt iti – from loss of memory (from: √smṛ – to think, to remember, smṛti – remembrance, tradition, sacred texts of tradition; √bhraṁś – to fall, to decay, to be lost, bhraṁśa – falling, decay, loss); |
| buddhi-nāśaḥ | – | buddhi-nāśa 1n.1 m.; TP: buddher nāśa iti – destruction of intelligence (from: √budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand, buddhi – intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion; √naś – to disappear, to be lost, nāśa – destruction, loss); |
| buddhi-nāśāt | – | buddhi-nāśa 5n.1 m.; TP: buddher nāśād iti – from destruction of intelligence (from: √budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand, buddhi – intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion; √naś – to disappear, to be lost, nāśa – destruction, loss); |
| praṇaśyati | – | pra-√naś (to disappear, to be lost) Praes. P 1v.1 – he perishes; |
textual variants
smṛti-vibhramaḥ → vismṛti-bhramaḥ (confusion of forgetfulness);
praṇaśyati → viṇaśyati (he perishes);
Śāṃkara
The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic
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From wrath arises delusion; |
krodhād bhavati saṃmohaḥ saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ | smṛti-bhraṃśād buddhi-nāśo buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati ||2.63|| |
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From wrath arises delusion, a lack of discrimination between right and wrong. Verily, when a wrathful man gets infatuated, he is led to insult even the Guru. |
krodhād bhavati saṃmoho ’vivekaḥ kāryākārya-viṣayaḥ | kruddho hi saṃmūḍhaḥ san gurum apy ākrośati | | |
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From infatuation follows failure of memory. Despite the presence of favorable conditions, no reminiscences arise of things already impressed upon the mind by the teachings of the śastras and of the teacher (acharya). |
saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ śāstrācāryopadeśāhita-saṃskāra-janitāyāḥ smṛteḥ syāt vibhramo bhraṃśaḥ smṛty-utpatti-nimitta-prāptau anutpattiḥ | | |
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From failure of memory follows loss of conscience (buddhi) – the inability of the inner sense (antaḥ-karaṇa) to discriminate between right and wrong (karya and a-karya). |
tataḥ smṛti-bhraṃśāt buddhi-nāśaḥ | kāryākārya-viṣaya-vivekāyogyatā antaḥ-karaṇasya buddher nāśa ucyate | | |
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By loss of conscience he is utterly ruined. Man is man only so long as his antaḥ-karaṇa is competent to discriminate between right and wrong. When it is unable to do so, the man is utterly ruined. |
buddher nāśāt praṇaśyati | tāvad eva hi puruṣaḥ yāvad antaḥ-karaṇaṃ tadīyaṃ kāryākārya-viṣaya-viveka-yogyam | tad-ayogyatve naṣṭa eva puruṣo bhavati | | |
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Thus, by loss of conscience (antaḥ-karaṇa, buddhi) he is ruined, he is debarred from attaining human aspirations. |
ataḥ tasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya buddher nāśāt praṇaśyati puruṣārthāyogyo bhavatīty arthaḥ ||2.63|| |
Rāmānuja
evaṃ mayy aniveśya manaḥ sva-yatna-gauraveṇa indriya-jaye pravṛtto vinaṣṭo bhavatīty āha—dhyāyata iti | anirasta-viṣayānurāgasya hi mayi aniveśita-manasa indriyāṇi saṃyamyāvasthitasyāpi anādi-pāpa-vāsanayā viṣaya-dhyānam avarjanīyaṃ syāt | dhyāyato viṣayān puṃsaḥ punar api saṅgo’tipravṛddho jāyate | saṅgāt saṃjāyate kāmaḥ | kāmo nāma saṅgasya vipāka-daśā | puruṣo yāṃ daśām āpanno viṣayān abhuktvā sthātuṃ na śaknoti sa kāmaḥ | kāmāt krodho’bhijāyate | kāme vartamāne viṣaye cāsannihite sannihitān puruṣān prati ebhiḥ asmad-iṣṭaṃ vihitam iti krodho bhavati |
krodhād bhavati saṃmohaḥ | saṃmohaḥ kṛtyākṛtya-viveka-śūnyatā tayā sarvaṃ karoti | tataś ca prārabdhe indriya-jayādike prayatne smṛti-dhvaṃśo bhavati | smṛti-dhvaṃśād buddhi-nāśaḥ, ātma-jñāne yo vyavasāyaḥ kṛtaḥ, tasya nāśaḥ syāt | buddhi-nāśād punar api saṃsāre nimagno vinaṣṭo bhavati
Śrīdhara
bāhyendriya-saṃyamābhāve doṣam uktvā manaḥ-saṃyamābhāve doṣam āha dhyāyata iti dvābhyām | guṇa-buddhyā viṣayān dhyāyataḥ puṃsaḥ teṣu saṅga āsaktir bhavati | āsaktyā ca teṣu adhikaḥ kāmo bhavati | kāmāc ca kenacit pratihatāt krodho bhavati | kiṃ ca, krodhād iti | krodhāt saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-vivekābhāvaḥ | tataḥ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭa-smṛter vibhramo vicalanaṃ bhraṃśaḥ | tato buddheś cetanāyā nāśaḥ | vṛkṣādiṣv ivābhibhavaḥ | tataḥ praṇaśyati mṛta-tulyo bhavati
Madhusūdana
nigṛhīta-bāhyendriyasyāpi śabdādīnviṣayān dhyāyato manasā punaḥ punaś cintayataḥ puṃsas teṣu viṣayeṣu saṅga āsaṅgo mamātyantaṃ sukha-hetava eta ity evaṃ śobhanādhyāsa-lakṣaṇaḥ prīti-viśeṣa upajāyate saṅgāt sukha-hetutva-jñāna-lakṣaṇāt saṃjāyate kāmo mamaite bhavantv iti tṛṣṇā-viśeṣaḥ | tasmāt kāmāt kutaścit pratihanyamānāt tat-pratighāta-viṣayaḥ krodho ‚bhijvalanātmābhijāyate | krodhād bhavati saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-vivekābhāva-rūpaḥ | saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ smṛteḥ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭārthānusandhānasya vibhramo vicalanaṃ vibhraṃśaḥ | tasmāc ca smṛti-bhraṃśād buddher aikātmyākāra-mano-vṛtter nāśo viparīta-bhāvanopacaya-doṣeṇa pratibandhād anutpattir utpannāyāś ca phalāyogyatvena vilayaḥ | buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati tasyāś ca phala-bhūtāyā buddher vilopāt praṇaśyati sarva-puruṣārthāyogyo bhavati | yo hi puruṣārthāyogyo jātaḥ sa mṛta eveti loke vyavahriyate | ataḥ praṇaśyatīty uktam | yasmād evaṃ manaso nigrahābhāve nigṛhīta-bāhyendriyasyāpi paramānartha-prāptis taramān mahatā prayatnena mano nigṛhṇīyād ity abhiprāyaḥ | ato yuktam uktaṃ tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīteti
Viśvanātha
sthita-prajñasya mano-vaśīkāra eva bāhyendriya-vaśīkāra-kāraṇaṃ sarvathā mano-vaśīkārābhāve tu yat syāt tat śṛṇv ity āha dhyāyata iti | saṅga āsaktiḥ | āsaktyā ca teṣv adhikaḥ kāmo ‚bhilāṣaḥ | kāmāc ca kenacit pratihatāt krodhaḥ | krodhāt saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-vivekābhāvaḥ | tasmāc ca śāstropadiṣṭa-svārthasya smṛti-nāśaḥ | tasmāc ca buddheḥ sad-vyavasāyasya nāśaḥ | tataḥ praṇaśyati saṃsāra-kūpe patati
Baladeva
vijitendriyasyāpi mayy aniveśita-manasaḥ punar anartho durvāra ity āha dhyāyata iti dvyābhyām | viṣayān śabdādīn sukha-hetutva-buddhyā dhyāyataḥ punaḥ punaś cintayato yoginas teṣu saṅga āsaktir bhavati | saṅgād dhetos teṣu kāma-tṛṣṇā jāyate | kāmāc ca kenacit pratihatāt krodhaś citta-jvālas tat-pratighātako bhavati | krodhāt saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-viveka-vijñāna-vilopaḥ | saṃmohāt smṛter indriya-vijayādi-prayatnānusandher vibhramo vibhraṃśaḥ | smṛti-bhraṃśād buddher ātma-jñānārthakasyādhyavasāyasya nāśaḥ | buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati punar viṣaya-bhoga-nimagno bhavati saṃsaratīty arthaḥ | madanāśrayaṇād durbalaṃ manas tāni sva-viṣayair yojayantīti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca mano-vijigīṣuṇā mad-upāsanaṃ vidheyam
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