BhG 2.58
yadā saṃharate cāyaṃ kūrmo ‘ṅgānīva sarvaśaḥ
indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā
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syntax
yadā ca (and when) ayam (he) indriyārthebhyaḥ (from the sense objects) indriyāṇi (the senses) sarvaśaḥ (completely) saṁharate (he withdraws),
kūrmaḥ iva (like tortoise) aṅgāni (limbs) [saṁharate] (it withdraws),
[tadā] (then) tasya (his) prajñā (wisdom) pratiṣṭhitā (steady) [asti] (is).
grammar
| yadā | – | av. – when (correlative of: tadā – at that time, then); |
| saṁharate | – | sam-√hṛ (to bring together, to unite, to carry away) Praes. Ā 1v.1 – he withdraws; |
| ca | – | av. – and; |
| ayam | – | idam sn. 1n.1 m. – he; |
| kūrmaḥ | – | kūrma 1n.1 m. – tortoise; |
| aṅgāni | – | aṅga 2n.3 n. – limbs, members, divisions; |
| iva | – | av. – like, in the same manner as, almost, exactly; |
| sarvaśaḥ | – | av. – completely, entirely, altogether, on all sides (from: sarva – all, whole); |
| indriyāṇi | – | indriya 2n.3 n. – the senses (from: √ind – to be powerful); |
| indriyārthebhyaḥ | – | indriya-artha 5n.3 m.; TP: indriyāṇām arthebhya iti – from the sense objects (from: √ind – to be powerful, indriya – the senses; √arth – to strive to obtain, to desire, to request, artha – purpose, advantage, concern, object, wealth); |
| tasya | – | tat sn. 6n.1 m. – his; |
| prajñā | – | prajñā 1n.1 f. – discrimination, wisdom, judgement (from: pra-√jñā – to know, to understand, to discern); |
| pratiṣṭhitā | – | pratiṣṭhita (prati-√sthā – to stand firmly) PP 1n.1 f. – fixed, firm, steady; |
textual variants
‘ṅgānīva → ‘ṅgāni ca (and limbs);
sarvaśaḥ → sarvataḥ (everywhere);
tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā → sthita-prajñas tadocyate (then he is called one with a steady wisdom);
Śāṃkara
The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic
| (4) Complete withdrawal of senses from objects. Moreover, |
kiṃ ca – | |
|
When he completely withdraws the senses from sense-objects, |
yadā saṃharate cāyaṃ kūrmo ’ṅgānīva sarvaśaḥ | indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ||2.58|| |
|
|
He, i.e., the devotee who strives in the path of knowledge (jñāna-niṣṭha), withdraws his senses from all objects as the tortoise withdraws its limbs from all sides out of fear. |
yadā saṃharate samyag upasaṃharate cāyaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ pravṛtto yatiḥ kūrmo ’ṅgāni iva yathā kūrmo bhayāt svāny aṅgāni upasaṃharati sarvaśaḥ sarvataḥ, evaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhaḥ indriyāṇi indriyārthebhyaḥ sarva-viṣayebhya upasaṃharate | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ity uktārthaṃ vākyam ||2.58|| |
Rāmānuja
tato’rvācīna-daśā procyate—yad iti | yadendriyāṇi indriyārthān spraṣṭum udyuktāni, tadaiva kūrmo’ṅgānīva indriyārthebhyaḥ sarvaśaḥ pratisaṃhṛtya mana ātmany eva sthāpayati, so’pi sthita-prajñaḥ
Śrīdhara
kiṃ ca yadeti | yadā cāyaṃ yogī indriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ sakāśād indriyāṇi saṃharate sarvata evaṃ jñāna-niṣṭha indriyāṇīnidryārthebhyaḥ sarva-viṣayebhyaḥ upasaṃharate | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā | ity uktārthaṃ vākyam
Madhusūdana
idānīṃ kim āsīteti praśnasyottaraṃ vaktum ārabhate bhagavān ṣaḍbhiḥ ślokaiḥ | tatra prārabdha-karma-vaśād vyutthānena vikṣiptānīndriyāṇi punar upasaṃhṛtya samādhy-artham eva sthita-prajñasyopaveśanam iti darśayitum āha yadeti | ayaṃ vyutthitaḥ sarvaśaḥ sarvāṇīndriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ | caḥ punar-arthe | yadā saṃharate punar upasaṃharati saṅkocayati | tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ kūrmo ‚ṅgānīva | tadā tasya prajñāḥ pratiṣṭhiteti spaṣṭam | pūrva-ślokābhyāṃ vyutthāna-daśāyām api sakala-tāmasa-vṛtty-abhāva uktaḥ | adhunā tu punaḥ samādhy-avasthāyāṃ sakala-vṛtty-abhāva iti viśeṣaḥ
Viśvanātha
kim āsītety asyottaram āha yadeti | indriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhya indriyāṇi śrotrādīni saṃharate | svādhīnānām indriyāṇāṃ bāhya-viṣayeṣu calanaṃ niṣidhyāntareva niścalatayā sthāpanaṃ sthita-prajñasyāsanam ity arthaḥ | tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ | kūrmo ‚ṅgāni mukha-netrādīni yathā svāntar eva svecchayā sthāpayati
Baladeva
atha kim āsītety asyottaram āha yadety ādibhiḥ ṣaḍbhir | ayaṃ yogī yadā cendriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ svādhīnānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīny anāyāsena saṃharati samākarṣati tadā tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitety anvayaḥ | atra dṛṣṭāntaḥ kūrmo ‚ṅgānīveti | mukha-kara-caraṇāni yathānāyasena kamaṭhaḥ saṃharati tadvat viṣayebhyaḥ samākṛṣṭendriyāṇām antaḥ-sthāpanaṃ sthita-prajñasyāsanam
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