BhG 2.53

śruti-vipratipannā te yadā sthāsyati niścalā
samādhāv acalā buddhis tadā yogam avāpsyasi

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yadā (when) te (your) śruti-vipratipannā (perplexed by the Vedas) buddhiḥ (intelligence), samādhau (in concentration) niścalā (firm) acalā (motionless) [satī] (being) sthāsyati (it will stay),
tadā (then) yogam (yoga) avāpsyasi (you will obtain).

 

grammar

śruti-viprati-pannā – śruti-vi-prati-panna 1n.1 f.; TP: yā śrutibhir / śrutiṣu vipratipannā tā – which is perplexed by the Vedas or regarding the Vedas (from: √śru – to hear, to listen, śruti – hearing, the Vedas; vi-prati-√pad – to go in opposite directions, to waver, to be perplexed, PP vipratipanna – uncertain, perplexed);
te – yuṣmat sn. 6n.1 – your (shortened form of: tava);
yadā – av. – when (correlative of: tadā – at that time, then);
sthāsyati – √sthā (to stand) Fut. P 1v.1 – it will stay;
niścalā – niś-cala 1n.1 f. – motionless, invariable, firm (from: √cal – to move, to shake, cala – moving, shaking);
samādhau – samādhi 7n.1 m. – in union, in concentration, in harmony (from: sam-ā-√dhā – to put, to fix, to compose, to concentrate);
acalā – a-cala 1n.1 f. – motionless (from: √cal – to move, to shake, cala – moving, shaking);
buddhiḥ – buddhi 1n.1 f. – intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion (from: √budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand);
tadā – av. – at that time, then;
yogam – yoga 2n.1 m. – yoga, yoking, application, a means, yoga (from:√yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage);
avāpsyasi – ava-√āp (to obtain) Fut. P 2v.1 – you will obtain;

 

textual variants


yadā → yathā (as);
niścalā → niścitā / niṣphalā / niścalaṁ (certain / without fruit / motionless [yoga]);
avāpsyasi → avāpsyati (it will obain);

 
 


commentaries

Śāṃkara

The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic

You may now ask: „When shall I attain the true Yoga or conviction of the Supreme Truth, by crossing beyond the mire of delusion and obtaining wisdom by discrimination of the Self?” Listen:

 moha-kalilātyaya-dvāreṇa labdhātma-vivekaja-prajñaḥ kadā karma-yogajaṃ phalaṃ paramārtha-yogam avāpsyāmīti cet, tat sṛṇu –

When thy mind, perplexed by what thou hast heard,
shall stand firm and steady in the Self, then wilt thou attain Yoga.

ruti-vipratipannā te yadā sthāsyati niścalā |
samādhāv acalā buddhis tadā yogam avāpsyasyi ||2.53||

When your intuition (buddhi = antaḥ-karaṇa) which has been perplexed by what you have heard about the multifarious ends and means in all their relations – concerning the life of activity and the life of retirement – shall stand firm, without distraction (vikshepa = viparyaya) and doubt (vikalpa = samsaya), in the Self (Samadhi, i.e., the objective point of your meditation),

 śruti-vipratipannā aneka-sādhya-sādhana-saṃbandha-prakāśana-śrutibhiḥ śravaṇaiḥ pravṛtti-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaiḥ vipratipannā nānā-pratipannā vikṣiptā satī te tava buddhir yadā yasmin kāle sthāsyati sthirībhūtā bhaviṣyati niścalā vikṣepa-calana-varjitā satī samādhau, samādhīyate cittam asminn iti samādhir ātmā, tasmin ātmani ity etat | acalā tatrāpi vikalpa-varjitā ity etat | buddhir antaḥkaraṇam |

then you will attain Yoga, samadhi, i.e., the knowledge which arises from discrimination.

 tadā tasmin kāle yogam avāpsyasi viveka-prajñāṃ samādhiṃ prāpsyasi ||2.53||

 

Rāmānuja

yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu [gītā 2.39] ity ādinā uktasya ātma-yāthātmya-jñāna-pūrvakasya buddhi-viśeṣa-saṃskṛta-karmānuṣṭhānasya lakṣaṇa-bhūtaṃ yogākhyaṃ phalam āha—śruti iti | śrutiḥ śravaṇam | asmattaḥ śravaṇena viśeṣataḥ pratipannā sakaletara-visajātīya-nitya-niratiśaya-sūkṣma-tattva-viṣayā svayam acalā eka-rūpā buddhiḥ asaṅga-karmānuṣṭhānena vimalīkṛte manasi yadā niścalā sthāsyati tada yogam ātmāvalokanam avāpsyasi | etad uktaṃ bhavati—śāstra-janyātma-jñāna-pūrvaka-karma-yogaḥ sthita-prajñatākhya-jñāna-niṣṭhām āpādyati, jñāna-niṣṭhā-rūpā sthita-prajñatā tu yogākhyam ātmāvalokanaṃ sādhayati iti

 

Śrīdhara

tataś ca śrutīti | śrutibhir nānā-laukika-vaidikārtha-śravaṇair vipratipannā | itaḥ pūrvaṃ vikṣiptā satī tava buddhir yadā samādhau sthāsyati | samādhīyate cittam asminn iti samādhiḥ parameśvaraḥ | tasmin niścalā viṣayair antarair anākṛṣṭā | ataevācalā | abhyāsa-pāṭavena tatraiva sthirā ca satī yogaṃ yoga-phalaṃ tattva-jñānam avāpsyasi

 

Madhusūdana

antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhyaivaṃ jāta-nirvedasya kadā jñāna-prāptir ity apekṣāyām āha śrutīti | te tava buddhiḥ śrutibhir nānā-vidha-phala-śravaṇair avicārita-tātparyair vipratipannā ‚neka-vidha-saṃśaya-viparyāsavattvena vikṣiptā prāk | yadā yasmin kāle śuddhija-viveka-janitena doṣa-darśanena taṃ vikṣepaṃ parityajya samādhau parmātmani niścalā jāgrat-svapna-darśana-lakṣaṇa-vikṣepa-rahitācalā suṣupti-mūrcchā-stabdhībhāvādi-rūpa-laya-lakṣaṇa-calana-rahitā satī sthāsyati laya-vikṣepa-lakṣaṇau doṣau parityajya samāhitā bhaviṣyatīti yāvat | athavā niścalāsambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanā-rahitācalā dīrgha-kālādara-nairantarya-satkāra-sevanair vijātīya-pratyayādūṣitā satī nirvāta-pradīpavad ātmani sthāsyatīti yojanā | tadā tasmin kāle yogaṃ jīva-paramātmaikya-lakṣaṇaṃ tat-tvam-asīty ādi-vākya-janyam akhaṇḍa-sākṣātkāraṃ sarva-yoga-phalam avāpsyasi | tadā punaḥ sādhyāntarābhāvāt kṛta-kṛtyaḥ sthita-prajño bhaviṣyasīty abhiprāyaḥ

 

Viśvanātha

tataś ca śrutiṣu nānā-laukika-vaidikārtha-śravaṇeṣu vipratipannā asammatā viraketit yāvat | tatra hetuḥ niścalā teṣu teṣv artheṣu calituṃ vimukhībhūtety arthaḥ | kintu samādhau ṣaṣṭhe ‚dhyāye vakṣyamāṇa-lakṣaṇe ‚calā sthairyavatī | tadā yogam aparokṣānubhava-prāptyā, jīvan-mukta ity arthaḥ

 

Baladeva

nanu karma-phala-nirviṇṇatayā karmānuṣṭhānena labdha-hṛd-viśuddher abhyuditātma-jñānasya me kadātma-sākṣāt-kṛtir iti cet tatrāha śrutīti | śrutyā karmaṇāṃ jñāna-garbhatāṃ prabodhayantyā tam etam ity ādikayā vipratipannā viśeṣeṇa saṃsiddhā te buddhir acalā asambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanābhyāṃ virahitā yadā samādhau manasi nirvāta-dīpa-śikheva niścalā sthāsyati tadā yogam ātmānubhava-lakṣaṇam avāpsyasi | ayam arthaḥ phalābhilāṣa-śūnyatayānuṣṭhitāni karmāṇi sthita-prajñatā-rūpāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ sādhayanti | jñāna-niṣṭhā-rūpā sthita-prajñatā tv ātmānubhavam iti

 
 


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