BhG 2.51
karma-jaṃ buddhi-yuktā hi phalaṃ tyaktvā manīṣiṇaḥ
janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ padaṃ gacchanty anāmayam
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syntax
buddhi-yuktāḥ hi (indeed yoked by intelligence) karma-jaṁ (born from activity) phalaṁ (fruit) tyaktvā (after abandoning),
[ataḥ eva] (then) manīṣiṇaḥ (wise men) [bhūtvā] (being) janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ (liberated from the bondage of birth) anāmayaṁ (to a free from disease) padaṁ (to the abode) gacchanti (they go).
grammar
| karma-jam | – | karma-ja 2n.1 n. – born from activity (from: √kṛ – to do, karman – activity and its result; √jan – to be born, –ja – suffix: born); |
| buddhi-yuktāḥ | – | buddhi-yukta 1n.3 m.; TP: buddhyā yukta iti – yoked by intelligence / endowed with intelligence (from: √budh – to wake, to perceive, to understand, buddhi – intelligence, thought, understanding, knowledge, idea, opinion; √yuj – to yoke, to join, to engage, PP yukta – yoked, endowed with); |
| hi | – | av. – because, just, indeed, surely; |
| phalam | – | phala 2n.1 n. – fruit, result (from: √phal – to ripen); |
| tyaktvā | – | √tyaj (to abandon, to give up) absol. – after abandoning; |
| manīṣiṇaḥ | – | manīṣin 1n.3 m. – who are thoughtful, wise (from: √man – to think, to believe); |
| janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ | – | janma-bandha-vinirmukta 1n.3 m.; TP: ye janmanām bandhād vinirmuktās te – who are liberated from the bondage of birth (from: √jan – to be born, janman – birth; √bandh – to bind, to fetter, bandha – bondage, fetters; vi-nir-√muc – to liberate, to release, PP mukta – liberated); |
| padam | – | pada 2n.1 n. – step, pace, footmark, site, part, portion, word (from: √pad – to fall, to go, to apply to); |
| gacchanti | – | √gam (to go) Praes. P 1v.3 – they go; |
| anāmayam | – | an-āmaya 2n.3 n. – free from disease, harmless (āmaya – sickness); |
textual variants
buddhi-yuktā hi → buddhi-yuktātmā (whose self is yoked by intelligence);
janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ → karma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ (liberated from the bondage of action);
Śāṃkara
The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic
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Results of Karma-Yoga. |
yasmāt – | |
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For, men of wisdom cast off the fruit of action; |
karmajaṃ buddhi-yuktā hi phalaṃ tyaktvā manīṣiṇaḥ | janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ padaṃ gacchanty anāmayam ||2.51|| |
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For, men of wisdom, possessing evenness of mind, cast off the fruit of works, i.e., escape from good and bad births. They then attain knowledge. While still alive, they are released from the bond of birth, and attain the supreme abode of Vishnu – the state of moksha or liberation – which is free from all turmoils. |
karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā iti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ | iṣṭāniṣṭa-deha-prāptiḥ karmajaṃ phalaṃ karmabhyo jātaṃ buddhi-yuktāḥ samatva-buddhi-yuktāḥ santaḥ hi yasmāt phalaṃ tyaktvā parityajya manīṣiṇaḥ jñānino bhūtvā, janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ janmaiva bandhaḥ janma-bandhaḥ tena vinirmuktāḥ jīvanta eva janma-bandhāt vinirmuktāḥ santaḥ, padaṃ paramaṃ viṣṇoḥ mokṣākhyaṃ gacchanti anāmayaṃ sarvopadrava-rahitam ity arthaḥ | | |
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Or, the wisdom (buddhi) referred to in the three verses (2.49 – 51) may be the Sankhya-(not the Yoga-) wisdom, the knowledge of the Absolute Reality, (corresponding to the wide-spread expanse of water), which arises when the mind is purified by Karma-Yoga; for, it is said in 2.50 that wisdom directly brings about the destruction of good and bad deeds. |
athavā buddhi-yogād dhanaṃjaya (BhG 2.49) ity ārabhya paramārtha-darśana-lakṣaṇaiva sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīyā karma-yogaja-sattva-śuddha-janitā buddhir darśitā, sākṣāt sukṛta-duṣkṛta-prahāṇādi-hetutva-śravaṇāt ||2.51|| |
Rāmānuja
buddhi-yoga-yuktāḥ karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā karma kurvantaḥ, tasmād janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ anāmayaṃ padaṃ gacchanti | hi prasiddham etat sarvāsu upaniṣatsu ity arthaḥ
Śrīdhara
karmaṇāṃ mokṣa-sādhanatva-prakāram āha karma-jam iti | karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārādhanārthaṃ karma kurvāṇo manīṣiṇo jñānino bhūtvā janma-rūpeṇa bandhena vinirmuktāḥ santo ‚nāmayaṃ sarvopadrava-rahitaṃ viṣṇoḥ padaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ gacchanti
Madhusūdana
nanu duṣkṛta-hānam apekṣitaṃ na tu sukṛta-hānaṃ puruṣārtha-bhraṃśāpatter ity āśaṅkya tuccha-phala-tyāgena parama-puruṣārtha-prāptiṃ phalam āha karma-jam iti | samatva-buddhi-yuktā hi yasmāt karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārādhanārthaṃ karmāṇi kurvāṇāḥ sattva-śuddhi-dvāreṇa manīṣiṇas tat tvam asi ity ādi-vākya-janyātma-manīṣāvanto bhavanti | tādṛśāś ca santo janmātmakena bandhena vinirmuktā viśeṣeṇātyantikatva-lakṣaṇena niravaśeṣaṃ muktāḥ padaṃ padanīyam ātma-tattvam ānanda-rūpaṃ brahmānāmayam avidyā-tat-kāryātmaka-roga-rahitābhayaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ puruṣārthaṃ gacchanty abhedena prāpnuvantīty arthaḥ |
yasmād evaṃ phala-kāmanāṃ tyaktvā samatva-buddhyā karmāṇy anutiṣṭhantas taiḥ kṛtāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhayas tat tvam asy ādi-pramāṇotpannātma-tattva-jñāna-tat-kāryāḥ santaḥ sakalānartha-nivṛtti-paramānanda-prāpti-rūpaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ gacchanti tasmāt tvam api yac chreyaḥ syān niścitaṃ brūhi tan me [Gītā 2.7] ity ukteḥ śreyo jijñāsur evaṃvidhaṃ karma-yogam anutiṣṭheti bhagavato ‚bhiprāyaḥ
Baladeva
karmajam iti | buddhi-yuktās tādṛśa-buddhimantaḥ karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā karmāṇy anutiṣṭhanto manīṣiṇaḥ karmāntargatātma-yāthātmya-prajñāvanto bhūtvā janma-bandhena vinirmuktāḥ santo ‚nāmayaṃ kleśa-śūnyaṃ padaṃ vaikuṇṭhaṃ gacchantīti | tasmāt tvam api śreyo jijñāsur evaṃ vidhāni karmāṇi kurv iti bhāvaḥ | svātma-jñānasya paramātma-jñāna-hetutvāt tasyāpi tat-pada-gati-hetutvaṃ yuktam
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