BhG 2.32

yadṛcchayā copapannaṃ svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam
sukhinaḥ kṣatriyāḥ pārtha labhante yuddham īdṛśam

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analysis

syntax

he pārtha (O son of Pṛthā!),
sukhinaḥ ca (and happy men) kṣatriyāḥ (warriors) yadṛcchayā (by chance) upapannam (attained), apāvṛtam (opened) svarga-dvāram (door to heaven), īdṛśam (like this) yuddham (a fight) labhante (they obtain).

grammar

yad-ṛcchayā	–	av. – by chance (from: yad-ṛcchā – accident, chance 3n.1 f.);
ca	–	av. – and;
upapannam	–	upa-panna (upa-√pad – to approach, to exist, to be suitable, to attain) PP 2n.1 n. – attained;
svarga-dvāram	–	svarga-dvāra 2n.1 n.; TP: svargasya dvāram iti – door to heaven (from: √sūr – to hurt, to be firm, sūra – the sun, a wise man, svar – heaven, svar-ga – leading to heaven, heaven; √dvṛ – to obstruct, to cover, dvāra – gate, entrance, passage);
apāvṛtam	–	apā-vṛta (apa-ā-√vṛ – to uncover) PP 2n.1 n. – opened, uncovered;
sukhinaḥ	–	sukhin 1n.3 m. – happy men (from: su – prefix: good, excellent, beautiful, virtuous; kha – cavity, hole, nave; su-kha – joy, happiness, literally: good hole in the nave [of a wheel through which an axis runs] that makes the moving smooth; or from: su-√sthā; opposite to: duḥkha – pain, difficulty);
kṣatriyāḥ	–	kṣatriya 1n.3 m. – the warriors (from: √kṣi – to own, to reign or √kṣi – to destroy);
pārtha	–	pārtha 8n.1 m. – O son of Pṛthā (from: √pṛth – to extend, pṛthā – Kuntī, mother of the sons of Pāṇḍu);
labhante	–	√labh (to obtain) Praes. Ā 1v.3 – they obtain;
yuddham	–	yuddha 2n.1 n. – a fight (from: √yudh – to fight);
īdṛśam	–	īdṛśa 2n.1 n. – of this kind, like this;

textual variants

copapannaṃ → copanataṃ (and having led close);
sukhinaḥ → sukṛtāt (because of the virtues);

commentaries

Śāṃkara

The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic

And why also should the battle be fought? The Lord says:		kutaś ca tat yuddhaṃ kartavyam iti, ucyate –
Happy Kshatriyas, O son of Pritha, find such a battle as this, come of itself, an open door to heaven.		*yadṛcchayā copapannaṃ svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam* \| sukhinaḥ kṣatriyāḥ pārtha labhante yuddham īdṛśam \|\|2.32\|\|
Are not those Kshatriyas happy who find a battle like this presenting itself unsought, an open door to heaven?		*yadṛcchayā ca* aprārthitatayā upapannam* āgataṃ svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam udghāṭitaṃ ya etad īdṛśaṃ yuddhaṃ labhante kṣatriyāḥ he pārtha, kiṃ na sukhinas te* \|\|2.32\|\|

Rāmānuja

ayatnopanatam idaṃ niratiśaya-sukhopāya-bhūtaṃ nirvighnam īdṛśaṃ yuddhaṃ sukhinaḥ puṇyavantaḥ kṣatriyā labhante

Śrīdhara

kiṃ ca mahati śreyasi svayam evopāgate sati kuto vikampasa iti | ata āha yadṛcchayeti | yadṛcchayā aprārthitam eva upapannaṃ prāptam īdṛśaṃ yuddham labhante | yato nirāvaraṇaṃ svarga-dvāram evaitat | yad vā ya evaṃvidhaṃ yuddhaṃ labhante ta eva sukhina ity arthaḥ | etena svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava iti yad uktaṃ tan nirastaṃ bhavati

Madhusūdana

nanu yuddhasya kartavyatve ‚pi na bhīṣma-droṇādibhir gurubhiḥ saha tat kartum ucitam atigarhitatvād ity āśaṅkyāha yadṛcchayeti | yadṛcchayā sva-prayatna-vyatirekeṇa | co ‚vadhāraṇe | aprārthanayaivopasthitam īdṛśaṃ bhīṣma-droṇādi-vīra-puruṣa-pratiyogikaṃ kīrti-rājya-lābha-dṛṣṭa-phala-sādhanaṃ yuddhaṃ ye kṣatriyāḥ pratiyogitvena labhante te sukhinaḥ sukha-bhāja eva | jaye satyenāyāsenaiva yaśaso rājyasya ca lābhāt | parājaye cātiśīghram eva svargasya lābhād ity āha svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam iti | apratibaddhaṃ svarga-sādhanaṃ yuddham avyavadhānenaiva svarga-janakaṃ jyotiṣṭhomādikaṃ tu ciratareṇa deha-pātasya pratibandhābhāvasya cāpekṣaṇād ity arthaḥ | svarga-dvāram ity anena śyenādivat pratyavāya-śaṅkā parihṛtā | śyenādayo hi vihitā api phala-doṣeṇa duṣṭāḥ | tat-phalasya śatru-vadhasya na hiṃsyāt sarvā bhūtāni, brāhmaṇaṃ na hanyāt ity ādi-śāstra-niṣiddhasya pratyavāya-janakatvāt phale vidhy-abhāvāc ca na vidhi-spṛṣṭe niṣedhānavakāśaḥ iti nyāyāvatāraḥ | yuddhasya hi phalaṃ svargaḥ sa ca na niṣiddhaḥ | tathā ca manuḥ —
āhaveṣu mitho ‚nyonyaṃ jighāṃsanto mahīkṣitaḥ |
yudhyamānāḥ paraṃ śaktyā svargaṃ yānty aparāṅmukhāḥ || [Manu 7.90] iti |
yuddhaṃ tu agnīṣomīyādy-ālambha-vadha-vihitatvān na niṣedhena spraṣṭuṃ śakyate ṣoḍaśi-grahaṇādivat | grahaṇāgrahayos tulya-balatayā vikalpavat sāmānya-śāstrasya viśeṣa-śāstreṇa saṅkoca-sambhavāt | tathā ca vidhi-spṛṣṭe niṣedhānavakāśaḥ iti nyāyād yuddhaṃ na pratyavāya-janakaṃ nāpi bhīṣma-droṇādi-guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadha-nimitto doṣaḥ | teṣām ātatāyitvāt | tad uktaṃ manunā –
guruṃ vā bāla-vṛddhau vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā bahu-śrutam |
ātatāyinam āyāntaṃ hanyād evāvicārayan ||
ātatāyinam āyāntam api vedānta-pāragam |
jighāṃsantaṃ jighāṃsīyān na tena brahmahā bhavet ||
nātatāyi-vadho doṣo hantur bhavati kaścana || [Manu 8.350-351] ity ādi |
nanu –
smṛtyor virodhe nyāyas tu balavān vyavahārataḥ |
artha-śāstrāt tu balavad dharma-śāstram iti sthitiḥ || [Yājñavalkya 2.21]
iti yājñavalkya-vacanād ātatāyi-brāhmaṇa-vadhe ‚pi pratyavāyo ‚sty eva | brāhmaṇaṃ na hanyāt iti hi dṛṣṭa-prayojanānapekṣatvād dharma-śāstraṃ, jighāṃsantaṃ jighāṃsīyān na tena brahmahā bhavet iti ca sva-jīvanārthatvād artha-śāstram |
atrocyate brahmaṇe brāhmaṇam ālabheta itivad yuddha-vidhāyakam api dharma-śāstram eva sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā ity atra dṛṣṭa-prayojanānapekṣatvasya vakṣyamāṇatvāt | yājñavalkya-vacanaṃ tu dṛṣṭa-prayojanoddeśyaka-kūṭa-yuddhādi-kṛta-vadha-viṣayam ity adoṣaḥ | mitākṣarākāras tu dharmārtha-sannipāte ‚rtha-grāhiṇa etad eveti dvādaśa-vārṣika-prāyaścittasyaitac-chabda-parāmṛṣṭasyāpastambena vidhānān mitra-labdhyādy-artha-śāstrānusāreṇa catuṣpād vyavahāre śatror api jaye dharma-śāstrātikramo na kartavya ity etat paraṃ vacanam etad ity āha | bhavatv evaṃ na no hāniḥ | tad evaṃ yuddha-karaṇe sukhokteḥ svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava ity arjunoktam apākṛtam

Viśvanātha

kiṃ ca, jetṛbhyaḥ sakāśād api nyāya-yuddhe mṛtānām adhikaṃ sukham ato bhīṣmādīn hatvā tān pratyuta svato ‚pi adhika-sukhinaḥ kuru ity āha yadṛcchayeti | svarga-sādhanaṃ karma-yogam akṛtvāpīty arthaḥ | apāvṛtam apagatāvaraṇam

Baladeva

kiṃ cāyatnād āgate ‚smin mahati śreyasi na yuktas te kampa ity āha yadṛcchayeti | co ‚vadhāraṇe | yatnaṃ vinaiva copapannam īdṛśaṃ bhīṣmādibhir mahā-vīraiḥ saha yuddhaṃ sukhinaḥ sabhāgyāḥ kṣatriyā labhante | vijaye satya-śrameṇa kīrti-rājyayor mṛtyau sati śīghram eva svargasya ca prāpter ity arthaḥ | etad vyañjayan viśinaṣṭi – svarga-dvāram upāvṛtam iti | apratiruddha-svarga-sādhanam ity arthaḥ | jyotiṣṭomādikaṃ ciratareṇa svargopalambhakam iti tato ‚syātiśayaḥ

translations

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