BhG 2.29
āścarya-vat paśyati kaś-cid enam āścarya-vad vadati tathaiva cānyaḥ
āścarya-vac cainam anyaḥ śṛṇoti śrutvāpy enaṃ veda na caiva kaś-cit
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syntax
kaś-cit (someone) enam (him) āścarya-vat (as amazing) paśyati (he sees).
tathā ca (and so) anyaḥ eva (the other also) [enam] (him) āścaryavat (as amazing) vadati (he speaks).
anyaḥ ca (and the other) enam (him) āścaryavat (as amazing) śṛṇoti (he hears).
kaścit ca eva (and still the other) śrutvā api (even after hearing) enam (him) na veda (he does not know).
grammar
| āścarya-vat | – | av. – as amazing (from: ā-√car – to approach, āścarya – curious, marvellous, amazing, astonishing; -vat – suffix: as, like); |
| paśyati | – | √dṛś (to see) Praes. P 1v.1 – he sees; |
| kaś-cid | – | kim-cit sn. 1n.1 m. – someone (from: kim – what?; -cit – indefinitive particle); |
| enam | – | etat sn. 2n.1 m. – him; |
| āścarya-vat | – | av. – as amazing (from: ā-√car – to approach, āścarya – curious, marvellous, amazing, astonishing; -vat – suffix: as, like); |
| vadati | – | √vad (to speak) Praes. P 1v.1 – he speaks; |
| tathā | – | av. – in that manner, so, in like manner; |
| eva | – | av. – certainly, just, merely; |
| ca | – | av. – and; |
| anyaḥ | – | anya sn. 1n.1 m. – other; |
| āścarya-vat | – | av. – as amazing (from: ā-√car – to approach, āścarya – curious, marvellous, amazing, astonishing; -vat – suffix: as, like); |
| ca | – | av. – and; |
| enam | – | etat sn. 2n.1 m. – him; |
| anyaḥ | – | anya sn. 1n.1 m. – other; |
| śṛṇoti | – | √śru (to hear, to listen) Praes. P 1v.1 – he hears; |
| śrutvā | – | √śru (to hear, to listen) absol. – after hearing; |
| api | – | av. – although, moreover, besides, even; |
| enam | – | etat sn. 2n.1 m. – him; |
| veda | – | √vid (to know, to understand) Perf. P 1v.1 (meaning Praes.) – he knows; |
| na | – | av. – not; |
| ca | – | av. – and; |
| eva | – | av. – certainly, just, merely; |
| kaś-cit | – | kim-cit sn. 1n.1 m. – someone (from: kim – what?; -cit – indefinitive particle); |
textual variants
tathaiva cānyaḥ → tathainam anyaḥ / tathaivam anyaḥ (thus him the other / thus indeed the other);
Śāṃkara
The key:
an excerpt from the commented verse
quotes from the scriptures
starting polemic
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The Self just spoken of is very difficult to realise. Why am I to blame you alone while the cause, viz., illusion, is common to all? One may ask: how is it that the Self is difficult to realise? The Lord says: |
durvijñeyo ’yaṃ prakṛta ātmā | kiṃ tvām evaikam upālabhe sādhāraṇe bhrānti-nimitte | kathaṃ durvijñeyo ’yam ātmā ity ata āha – | |
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One sees Him as a wonder; |
āścaryavat paśyati kaścid enam āścaryavad vadati tathaiva cānyaḥ | āścaryavac cainam anyaḥ śṛṇoti śrutvāpy enaṃ veda na caiva kaścit ||2.29|| |
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One sees the Self as a wonder, as a thing unseen, as something strange, as seen all on a sudden. |
āścaryavat āścaryam adṛṣṭa-pūrvam adbhutam akasmād dṛśyamānaṃ tena tulyam āścaryavat āścaryam iva enam ātmānaṃ paśyati kaścit | | |
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And so, another speaks of Him as a wonder; and another hears of Him as a wonder. Though seeing Him, hearing and speaking of Him, none realises Him at all. |
āścaryavad enaṃ vadati tathaiva cānyaḥ | āścaryavac cainam anyaḥ śṛṇoti | śrutvā dṛṣṭvā uktvāpi enam ātmānaṃ veda na caiva kaścit | | |
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Or (as otherwise interpreted): He that sees the Self is something like a wonder. He that speaks and he that hears of Him is only one among many thousands. Thus the Self is hard to understand. |
athavā yo ’yam ātmānaṃ paśyati sa āścarya-tulyaḥ, yo vadati ya ca śṛṇoti so ’neka-sahasreṣu kaścid eva bhavati | ato durbodha ātmā ity abhiprāyaḥ ||2.29|| |
Rāmānuja
evaṃ śarīrātma-vāde’pi nāsti śoka-nimittam ity uktvā śarīrātirikta āścarya-svarūpa ātmani draṣṭā vaktā śrotā śravaṇāyattātma-niścayaś ca durlabha ity āha—āścaryavad iti | evam ukta-svabhāvaṃ svetara-samasta-vastu-visajātīyatayā āścaryavad avasthitam ananteṣu jantuṣu mahatā tapasā kṣīṇa-pāpopacita-puṇyaḥ kaścit paśyati | tathā-vidhaḥ kaścit parasmai vadati | evaṃ kaścid eva śṛṇoti | śrutvāpy enaṃ yathāvad avasthitaṃ tattvato na kaścid veda | ca-kārād draṣṭṛ-vaktṛ-śrotṛṣv api tattvato darśanaṃ tattvato vacanaṃ tattvataḥ śravaṇaṃ durlabham ity uktaṃ bhavati
Śrīdhara
kutas tarhi vidvāṃso ‚pi loke śocanti ? ātmā-jñānād eva ity āśayenātmano durvijñeyatvam āha āścaryavad ityādi | kaścid enam ātmānaṃ śāstrācāryopadeśābhyāṃ paśyann āścaryavat paśyati | sarva-gatasya nitya-jñānānada-svabhāvasyātmanaḥ alaukikatvād aindrajālikavad ghaṭamānaṃ paśyann iva vismayena paśyati asambhāvanābhibhūtatvāt | tathā āścaryavad anyo vadati ca | śṛṇoti cānyaḥ | kaścit punaḥ viparīta-bhāvanābhibhūtaḥ śrutvāpi naiva veda | ca-śabdād uktvāpi na dṛṣṭvāpi na samyag vedeti draṣṭavyam
Madhusūdana
nanu vidvāṃso ‚pi bahavaḥ śocanti tat kiṃ mām eva punaḥ punar evam upālabhase | anyac ca vaktur eva hi taj jāḍyaṃ śrotā yatra na budhyate iti nyāyāt tvad-vacanārthāpartipattiś ca tavāpy anyeṣām iva svāśaya-doṣād iti nokta-doṣa-dvayam ity abhipretyātmano durvijñeyatām āha āścaryavad iti |
enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinam āścaryeṇādbhutena tulyatayā vartamānam āvidyaka-nānā-vidha-viruddha-dharmavattayā satanm apy asantam iva sva-prakāśa-caitanya-rūpam api jaḍam ivānanda-ghanam api duḥkhitam iva nirvikāram api savikāram iva nityam anityam iva prakāśamānam apy aprakāśamānam iva brahmābhinnam api tad-bhinnam iva muktam api baddham ivādvitīyam api sa-dvitīyam iva sambhāvita-vicitrānekākāra-pratīti-viṣayaṃ paśyati śāstrācāryopadeśābhyām āvidyaka-sarva-dvaita-niṣedhena paramātma-svarūpa-mātrākārāyāṃ vedānta-mahā-vākya-janyāyāṃ sarva-sukṛta-phala-bhūtāyām antaḥkaraṇa-vṛttau pratiphalitaṃ samādhi-paripākena sākṣātkaroti kaścic chama-damādi-sādhana-sampanna-carama-śarīraḥ kaścid eva na tu sarvaḥ | tathā kaścid enaṃ yat paśyati tad āścaryavad iti kriyā-viśeṣaṇam | ātma-darśanam apy āścaryavad eva yat svarūpato mithyā-bhūtam api satyasya vyañjakam āvidyakam apy avidyāyā vighātakam avidyām upaghnat tat-kāryatayā svātmānam apy upahantīti | tathā yaḥ kaścid enaṃ paśyati sa āścaryavad iti kartṛ-viśeṣaṇam | yato ‚sau nivṛttāvidyātat-kāryo ‚pi prārabdha-karma-prābalyāt tadvān iva vyaharati sarvadā samādhi-niṣṭho ‚pi vyuttiṣṭhati vyutthito ‚pi punaḥ samādhim anubhavatīti prārabdha-karma-vaicitryād vicitra-caritraḥ prāpta-duṣprāpa-jñānatvāt sakala-loka-spṛhaṇīyo ‚ta āścaryavad eva bhavati | tad etat trayam apy āścaryam ātmā taj jñānaṃ taj-jñātā ceti parama-durvijñeyam ātmānaṃ tvaṃ katham anāyāsena jānīyā ity abhiprāyaḥ |
īvam upadeṣṭur abhāvād apy ātmā durvijñeyaḥ | yo hy ātmānaṃ jānāti sa eva tam anyasmai dhruvaṃ brūyāt | ajñasyopadeṣṭṛtvāsambhavāt, jānaṃs tu samāhita-cittaḥ prāyeṇa kathaṃ bravītu | vyutthita-citto ‚pi pareṇa jñātum aśakyaḥ | yathā kathaṃcij jñāto ‚pi lābha-pūjā-khyāty-ādi-prayojanānapekṣatvāc ca bravīty eva | kathaṃcit kāruṇya-mātreṇa bruvaṃs tu parameśvaravad atyanta-durlabha evety āha āścaryavad vadati tathaiva cānya iti | yathājānāti tathaiva vadati | enam ity anukarṣaṇārthaś ca-kāraḥ | sa cānyaḥ sarvājña-jana-vilakṣaṇaḥ | na tu yaḥ paśyati tato ‚nya iti vyāghātāt | atrāpi karmaṇi kriyāyāṃ kartari cāścaryavad iti yojyam | tatra karmaṇaḥ kartuś ca prāg āścaryavattvaṃ vyākhyātaṃ kriyāyās tu vyākhyāyate | sarva-śabdāvācyasya śuddhasyātmano yad vacanaṃ tad āścaryavat | tathā ca śrutiḥ – yato vāco nivartante aprāpya manasā saha iti | kenāpi śabdenāvācyasya śuddhasyātmano viśiṣṭa-śaktena padena jahad-ajahat-svārtha-lakṣaṇāyā kalpita-sambandhena lakṣyatāvacchedakam antareṇaiva pratipādanaṃ tad api nirvikalpa-sākṣātkāra-rūpam atyāścaryam ity arthaḥ |
athavā vinā śaktiṃ vinā lakṣaṇāṃ vinā sambandhāntaraṃ suṣuptotthāpaka-vākya-vat tattvam asyādi-vākyena yadātmatattva-pratipādanaṃ tad āścaryavat | śabda-śakter acintyatvāt | na ca vinā sambandhaṃ bodhanen ‚tiprasaṅgaḥ lakṣaṇā-pakṣe ‚pi tulyatvāt | śakya-sambandhasyāneka-sādhāraṇatvāt | tātparya-viśeṣān niyama iti cet, na | tasyāpi sarvān praty aviśeṣāt | kaścid eva tātparya-viśeṣam avadhārayati na sarva iti cet | hanta tarhi puruṣa-gata eva kaścid viśeṣo nirdoṣatva-rūpo niyāmakaḥ | na cāsmin pakṣe ‚pi na daṇḍa-vāritaḥ | tathā ca yādṛśasya śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇasya tātparyānusandhāna-puraḥ-saraṃ lakṣaṇayā vākyārtha-bodho bhavadbhir aṅgī kriyate tādṛśasyaiva kevalaḥ śabda-viśeṣo ‚khaṇḍa-sākṣātkāraṃ vināpi sambandhena janayatīti kim anupapannam | etasmin pakṣe śabda-vṛtty-aviṣayatvād yato vāco nivartanta iti sutarām upapannam | ayaṃ ca bhagavad-abhiprāyo vārtika-kāraiḥ prapañcitaḥ –
durbalatvād avidyāyā ātmatvād bodha-rūpiṇaḥ |
śabda-śakter acitnyatvād vidmas taṃ moha-hānataḥ ||
agṛhītvaiva sambandham abhidhānābhidheyayoḥ |
hitvā nidrāṃ prabudhyante suṣupter bodhitāḥ paraiḥ ||
jāgradvan na yataḥ śabdaṃ suṣupte vetti kaścana |
dhvaste ‚to jñānato ‚jñāne brahmāsmīti bhavet phalam ||
avidyā-ghātinaḥ śabdādyāhaṃ brahmeti dhīr bhavet |
naśyaty avidyayā sārdhaṃ hatvā rogam ivauṣadham || [Bṛhat.Vā 1.4.860-863]
ity ādinā granthena |
tad evaṃ vacana-viṣayasya vaktur vacana-kriyāyāś cātyāścarya-rūpatvād ātmano durvijñānatvam uktvā śrotur durmilatvād api tad āha āścaryavac cainam anyaḥ śṛṇoti śrtuvā ‚py enaṃ vedeti | anyo draṣṭur vaktuśc a muktād vilakṣaṇo mumukṣur vaktāraṃ brahma-vidaṃ vidhivad upasṛtyainaṃ śṛṇoti śravaṇākhya-vicāra-viṣayī karoti vedānta-vākya-tātparya-niścayenāvadhārayatīti yāvat | śrutvā cainaṃ manana-nididhyāsana-paripākād vedāpi sākṣātkaroty api āścaryavat | tathā cāścaryavat paśyati kaścid enam iti vyākhyātam | atrāpi kartur āścarya-rūpatvam aneka-janmānuṣṭhita-sukṛta-kṣālita-mano-malatayātidurlabhatvāt | tathā ca vakṣyati –
manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu kaś cid yatati siddhaye |
yatatām api siddhānāṃ kaś cin māṃ vetti tattvataḥ || [Gītā 7.3] iti |
śravaṇāyāpi bahubhir yo na labhyaḥ
śṛṇvanto ‚pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ |
āścaryo vaktā kuśalo ‚sya labdhā
āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ || [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti śruteś ca |
evaṃ śravaṇa-śrotavyayor āścaryatvaṃ prāgvad vyākhyeyam |
nanu yaḥ śravaṇa-mananādikaṃ karoti sa ātmānaṃ vedeti kim āścaryam ata āha – na caiva kaścid iti | ca-kāraḥ kriyā-karma-padayor anuṣaṅgārthaḥ | kaścid enaṃ naiva veda śravaṇādikaṃ kurvann api | tad akurvaṃs tu na vedeti kim u vaktavyam | aihikam aprastuta-pratibandhe tad-darśanāt [Vs. 3.4.51] iti nyāyāt | uktaṃ ca vārtika-kāraiḥ –
kutas taj-jñānam iti cet tad dhi bandha-parikṣayāt |
asāv api ca bhūtau vā bhāvī vā vartate ‚thavā || [Bṛh. Vā. Sa. 294] iti |
śravaṇādi kurvatām api pratibandha-parikṣayād eva jñānaṃ jāyate | anyathā tu na | sa ca pratibandha-parikṣayaḥ kasyacid bhūta eva | yathā hiraṇyagarbhasya | kasyacid bhāvī | yathā vāsudevasya | kasyacid vartate | yathā śvetaketoḥ | tathā ca pratibandha-kṣaya-syātidurlabhatvāt | jñānam utpadyate puṃsāṃ kṣayāt pāpasya karmaṇaḥ iti smṛteś ca durvijñeyo ‚yam ātmeti nirgalito ‚rthaḥ |
yadi tu śrutvāpy enaṃ veda na caiva kaścid ity eva vyākhyāyeta tadā āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti śrutyaika-vākyatā na syāt | yatatām api siddhānāṃ kaś cin māṃ vetti tattvataḥ [Gītā 7.3] iti bhagavad-vacana-virodhaś ceti vidvadbhir avinayaḥ kṣantavyaḥ | athavā na caiva kaścid ity asya sarvatra sambandhaḥ kaścid enaṃ na paśyati na vadati na śṛṇoti śrutvāpi na vedeti pañca prakārā uktāḥ kaścit paśyaty eva na vadati kaścit paśyati na vadati ca kaścit tad-vacanaṃ śṛṇoti ca tad-arthaṃ jānāti ca kaścic chrutvāpi na jānāti na kaścit tu sarva-bahirbhūta iti | avidvat-pakṣe tu asambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanābhibhūtatvād āścarya-tulyatvaṃ darśana-vadana-śravaṇeṣv iti nigada-vyākhyātaḥ ślokaḥ | caturtha-pāde tu dṛṣṭvoktvā śrutvāpīti yojanā
Viśvanātha
nanu kim idam āścaryaṃ brūṣe | kiṃ caitad apy āścaryam | yad eva prabodhyamānasyāpy aviveko nāpayātīti tatra satyam evem eva ity āha āścaryavad iti | enam ātmānaṃ dehaṃ ca tad-ubhaya-rūpaṃ sarva-lokam
Baladeva
nanu sarvajñena tvayā bahūpadiśyamāno ‚py ahaṃ śoka-nivārakam ātma-yāthātmyaṃ na budhye kim etad iti cet tatrāha āścaryavad iti | vijñānāndobhaya-svarūpatve ‚pi tad-bhedāpratiyoginaṃ vijñāna-svarūpatve ‚pi vijñātṛtayā santaṃ paramāṇutve ‚pi vyāpta-bṛhat-kāyaṃ nānā-kāya-sambandhe ‚pi tat-tad-vikārair aspṛṣṭam evam ādi bahu-viruddha-dharmatayāścaryavad adbhuta-sādṛśyena sthitam enaṃ mad-upadiṣṭaṃ jīvaṃ kaścid eva svadharmānuṣṭhānena satya-tapo-japādinā ca vimṛṣṭa-hṛd-guru-prasāda-labdha-tādṛśa-jñānaḥ paśyati yāthātmyenānubhavati | āścaryavad iti kriyā-viśeṣaṇaṃ vā kartṛ-viśeṣaṇaṃ veti vyākhyātāraḥ kaścid enam yat paśyati tad āścaryavat | yaḥ kaścit paśyati so ‚py āścaryavad ity arthaḥ | evam agre ‚pi | śrutvāpy enam iti kaścit samyag amṛṣṭa-hṛd ity arthaḥ | tathā ca duradhigamaṃ jīvātmayāthātmyam | śrutir apy evam āha –
śravaṇāyāpi bahubhir yo na labhyaḥ
śṛṇvanto ‚pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ |
āścaryo vaktā kuśalo ‚sya labdhā
āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭa || [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti
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