Abbreviations
To make the text more clear we use numbers for the grammatical case, number and person. In this way we omit the Latin terminology and it is more similar to the Indian system in which the grammarians called the cases by the ordinals. Grammatical persons are in agreement to the Indian system, so the third person is marked with number 1.
Numbers in tables:
Nominals:
| singular | dual | plural | ||
| 1 | nominativus | 1n.1 nominativus singularis – prathamā eka-vacana |
1n.2 nominativus dualis – prathamā dvi-vacana |
1n.3 nominativus pluralis – prathamā bahu-vacana |
| 2 | accusativus | 2n.1 accusativus singularis – dvitīyā eka-vacana |
2n.2 accusativus dualis – dvitīyā dvi-vacana |
2n.3 accusativus pluralis – dvitīyā bahu-vacana |
| 3 | instrumentalis | 3n.1 instrumentalis singularis – tṛtīyā eka-vacana |
3n.2 instrumentalis dualis – tṛtīyā dvi-vacana |
3n.3 instrumentalis pluralis – tṛtīyā bahu-vacana |
| 4 | dativus | 4n.1 dativus singularis – caturthī eka-vacana |
4n.2 dativus dualis – caturthī dvi-vacana |
4n.3 dativus pluralis – caturthī bahu-vacana |
| 5 | ablativus | 5n.1 ablativus singularis – pañcamī eka-vacana |
5n.2 ablativus dualis – pañcamī dvi-vacana |
5n.3 ablativus pluralis – pañcamī bahu-vacana |
| 6 | genetivus | 6n.1 genetivus singularis – ṣaṣṭhī eka-vacana |
6n.2 genetivus dualis – ṣaṣṭhī dvi-vacana |
6n.3 genetivus pluralis – ṣaṣṭhī bahu-vacana |
| 7 | locativus | 7n.1 locativus singularis – saptamī eka-vacana |
7n.2 locativus dualis – saptamī dvi-vacana |
7n.3 locativus pluralis – saptamī bahu-vacana |
| 8 | vocativus | 8n.1 vocativus singularis – sambodhana eka-vacana |
8n.2 vocativus dualis – sambodhana dvi-vacana |
8n.3 vocativus pluralis – sambodhana bahu-vacana |
Verbs:
| singular | dual | plural | |
| 3rd person | 1v.1 3rd person singular prathama-puruṣa eka-vacana |
1v.2 3rd person dual prathama-puruṣa dvi-vacana |
1v.3 3rd person plural prathama-puruṣa bahu-vacana |
| 2nd person | 2v.1 2nd person singular madhyama-puruṣa eka-vacana |
2v.2 2nd person dual madhyama-puruṣa dvi-vacana |
2v.3 2nd person plural madhyama-puruṣa bahu-vacana |
| 1st person | 3v.1 1st person singular uttama-puruṣa eka-vacana |
3v.2 1st person dual uttama-puruṣa dvi-vacana |
3v.3 1st person plural uttama-puruṣa bahu-vacana |
Other abbreviations are mostly in accordance to the Indian tradition. If the Latin term suits the Indian grammar concept, then it is used, if not, we took the Sanskrit term, e.g. there is no differentiation of conjunctions, adverbs, prepositions, postpositions and interjections, so we use the collective term avyaya (av.) – indeclinables. Similarly there is one term sarva-nāma (sn.) for personal, demonstrative, relative, interrogative and indefinite pronouns.
Tenses and moods:
| Praes. | – praesentis – present tense – vartamāna |
| Pot. | – potentialis – optative mood – vidhi |
| Imperat. | – imperativus – imperative mood – ājñā |
| Imperf. | – imperfectum – imperfect tense – anadyatana-bhūta |
| Aor. | – aorist – past tense – bhūta |
| Perf. | – perfectum – perfect tense – parokṣa-bhūta |
| Ben. | – benedictivus – benedictive mood – āśīs |
| Fut.p. | – futurum periphrasticum – periphrastic future tense – anadyatana-bhaviṣyat |
| Fut. | – futurum – future tense – bhaviṣyat |
| Cond. | – conditionalis – conditional mood – saṃketa |
Derivative verbs (dhātu-vṛtti):
| caus. | – causativum – causative – ṇy-anta |
| des. | – desiderativum – desiderative – san-anta |
| intens. | – intensivum – intensive / frequentative – yaṅ-anta |
| denom. | – denominativum – denominal verb – nāma-dhātu |
| pass. | – passivum – passive voice – karmaṇi-/ bhave-prayoga |
Verbal derivatives (kṛd-anta):
| inf. | – infinitivus – infinitive |
| absol. | – absolutivum – absolutive |
| PF | – participium futurum, necessitativum – future participle – bhaviṣyate kṛd-anta |
| PP | – participium perfectum – past participle, passive, can be active (PP act.) – bhūte kṛd-anta |
| PPr | – participium praesentis – present participle (fut./pass.) – vartamāne kṛd-anta |
Gender:
| m. | – masculinum – masculine – puṃ-liṅga |
| f. | – femininum – feminine – strī-liṅga |
| n. | – neutrum – neuter – napumsaka-liṅga |
Compounds:
| BV | – bahu-vrīhi compound |
| DV | – dvandva compound |
| KD | – karma-dhāra compound |
| TP | – tat-puruṣa compound |
Other:
| Ā | – ātmanepada – voice ‘for oneself’ |
| P | – parasmaipada – voice ‘for the other’ |
| √ | – verb root – dhātu |
| av. | – avyaya – indeclinable |
| loc.abs. | – locativus absolutus – satī saptamī |
| sn. | – sarva-nāman – pronoun |
| abst. | – abstractum – abstract |